Limonoids in Seeds of Iyo Tangor (Citrus iyo hort. ex Tanaka)

Ishii, Toshinao; Ohta, Hiroyuki; Nogata, Yoichi; Yano, Masamichi; Hasegawa, Shin

doi:10.3136/fstr.9.162

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In general, the efficiency of plant extraction mainly depends on type of solvent, duration, pH value, and temperature [ 32 ]. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the impact of those factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Green Extraction Method to Achieve the Highest Yield of Limonin and Hesperidin from Lime Peel Powder (Citrus aurantifolia)

2022

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Green extraction is aimed at reducing energy consumption by using renewable plant sources and environmentally friendly bio-solvents. Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) is a rich source of flavonoids (e.g., hesperidin) and limonoids (e.g., limonin). Manufacturing of lime products (e.g., lime juice) yields a considerable amount of lime peel as food waste that should be comprehensively exploited. The aim of this study was to develop a green and simple extraction method to acquire the highest yield of both limonin and hesperidin from the lime peel. The study method included ethanolic-aqueous extraction and variable factors, i.e., ethanol concentrations, pH values of solvent, and extraction temperature. The response surface methodology was used to optimize extraction conditions. The concentrations of limonin and hesperidin were determined by using UHPLC-MS/MS. Results showed that the yields of limonin and hesperidin significantly depended on ethanol concentrations and extraction temperature, while pH value had the least effect. The optimal extraction condition with the highest amounts of limonin and hesperidin was 80% ethanol at pH 7, 50 °C, which yields 2.072 and 3.353 mg/g of limonin and hesperidin, respectively. This study illustrates a green extraction process using food waste, e.g., lime peel, as an energy-saving source and ethanol as a bio-solvent to achieve the highest amount of double bioactive compounds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Green Extraction Method to Achieve the Highest Yield of Limonin and Hesperidin from Lime Peel Powder (Citrus aurantifolia)

2022

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“…Most of the published literature on citrus bioactive compounds concerns the quantification of limonoids using TLC and HPLC Herman et al, 1990;Ozaki et al, 1992;Schoch et al, 2002;Ishii et al, 2003). However, this published data suggests that certain citrus limonoids are present in low concentrations and may vary markedly among the different citrus varieties and byproducts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Red Mexican Grapefruit: A Novel Source for Bioactive Limonoids and their Antioxidant Activity

Mandadi

Jayaprakasha

Bhat³

et al. 2007

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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Citrus limonoids have shown to inhibit the growth of cancer in colon, lung, mouth, stomach and breast in animal and cell culture studies. For the first time in the present study, an attempt has been made to isolate antioxidant fractions and five limonoids from red Mexican grapefruit seeds. Defatted seed powder was successively extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), acetone, methanol (MeOH) and MeOH/water and the extracts were concentrated under vacuum. Radical scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and total phenolic content were also measured for comparison with the antioxidant capacity in the phosphomolybdenum method for the above extracts. Acetone and MeOH extracts, respectively, showed the highest (85.7%) and lowest (53.3%) radical scavenging activity, at 500 ppm. The total phenolic contents were found to be highest in the acetone extract (15.94%) followed by the MeOH extract (5.92%), ethyl acetate extract (5.54%) and water extract (5.26%). Antioxidant capacity of the extracts as equivalents to ascorbic acid (μmol/g of the extract) was in the order, EtOAc extract Ͼ acetone extract Ͼ water extract Ͼ methanol extract. Furthermore, the EtOAC and acetone extracts were loaded onto silica gel columns to obtain four limonoid aglycons. MeOH fraction was loaded onto a dowex-50 and sepabeads resin column to obtain a limonoid glucoside. The purity of the isolated five compounds was analyzed by HPLC using a C 18 column and UV detection at 210 nm. Finally, the structures of the compounds were identified as obacunone, nomilin, limonin, deacetylnomilin (DAN) and limonin-17--d-glucopyranoside (LG) using 1 H and 13 C NMR studies.

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“…In addition, the extraction results of these bioactive compounds are strongly influenced by the conditions of the experiment [23,24]. In general, the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds from plants depends on the type of solvent, extraction time, pH value, and temperature [25]. The extraction at elevated temperature increases the solubility and dilution of the substances.…”

Section: Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Components and Their Activities from Different Parts of Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle for Food Development

Indriyani

Anshori

Permadi

et al. 2023

Foods

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Citrus aurantifolia is part of the Rutaceae family and belongs to the genus Citrus. It is widely used in food, the chemical industry, and pharmaceuticals because it has a unique flavor and odor. It is nutrient-rich and is beneficial as an antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and insecticide. Secondary metabolites present in C. aurantifolia are what give rise to biological action. Flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, limonoids, alkaloids, and essential oils are among the secondary metabolites/phytochemicals discovered in C. aurantifolia. Every portion of the plant’s C. aurantifolia has a different composition of secondary metabolites. Environmental conditions such as light and temperature affect the oxidative stability of the secondary metabolites from C. aurantifolia. The oxidative stability has been increased by using microencapsulation. The advantages of microencapsulation are control of the release, solubilization, and protection of the bioactive component. Therefore, the chemical makeup and biological functions of the various plant components of C. aurantifolia must be investigated. The aim of this review is to discuss the bioactive components of C. aurantifolia such as essential oils, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic, limonoids, and alkaloids obtained from different parts of the plants and their biological activities such as being antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, an insecticide, and anti-inflammatory. In addition, various extraction techniques of the compounds out of different parts of the plant matrix as well as the microencapsulation of the bioactive components in food are also provided.

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Limonoids in Seeds of Iyo Tangor (Citrus iyo hort. ex Tanaka)

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

A Green Extraction Method to Achieve the Highest Yield of Limonin and Hesperidin from Lime Peel Powder (Citrus aurantifolia)

A Green Extraction Method to Achieve the Highest Yield of Limonin and Hesperidin from Lime Peel Powder (Citrus aurantifolia)

Red Mexican Grapefruit: A Novel Source for Bioactive Limonoids and their Antioxidant Activity

Bioactive Components and Their Activities from Different Parts of Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle for Food Development

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