Linalool Nanoemulsion Preparation, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity against Aeromonas hydrophila

Abstract

Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the most important aquatic pathogens causing huge economic losses to aquaculture. Linalool, a vital ingredient of a variety of essential oils, was proved as a good antimicrobial agent in our previous studies. However, the low solubility and volatility of Linalool obstruct its application in the field of aquatic drugs. Thus, in this study, Linalool nano-emulsion (LN) was prepared to solve these obstructions. We investigated the physicochemical properties, antibacterial activity, and mode of action of LN against A. hydrophila. LN with different medium chain triglycerides (MCT) concentrations were prepared by ultrasonic method. The results showed that the emulsion droplet size of LN was the smallest when MCT was not added to the formulation. Nano-emulsions are usually less than 500 nm in diameter. In our study, LN in this formulation were spherical droplet with a diameter of 126.57 ± 0.85 nm and showed good stability. LN showed strong antibacterial activity, the MIC and MBC values were 0.3125% v/v and 0.625% v/v, respectively. The bacterial population decreased substantially at 1 × MIC of LN. LN exhibited disruptive effect on cell membranes by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The present study provided a formulation of Linalool nano-emulsion preparation. Moreover, the good antibacterial activity of LN showed in our study will promote the application of Linalool for the control and prevention of A. hydrophila in aquaculture.

Antibacterial activity and mechanism of cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsion against Pseudomonas deceptionensis CM2

“…coli and S . aureus [ 36 , 37 ]. As revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), linalool nanoemulsions disrupted the cell membranes of Aeromonas hydrophila and caused loss of cell contents [ 37 ].…”

“…As reported in a previous work, linalool nanoemulsions caused severe damage to the outer membrane of A . hydrophila cells according to TEM results [ 37 ]. CON disrupted the cell membrane integrity of P. deceptionensis CM2, resulting in the release of intracellular substances such as proteins ( Fig.…”

Linalool’s Multifaceted Antimicrobial Potential: Unveiling its Antimicrobial Efficacy and Immunomodulatory Role AgainstSaprolegnia parasitica

“…Linalool, a monoterpene alcohol found in various EOs, has shown promising antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogens [13] . Our groups and other research teams have reported that linalool exhibits antimicrobial activity against bacteria such as Escherichia coli [12] , Listeria monocytogenes [14] , Elizabethkingia miricola , Streptococcus pyogenes [15] , Pseudomonas fragi [16] , staphylococcus aureus [17] , Brochothrix thermosphacta [18] and Aeromonas hydrophila [19] , as well as against oomycetes like Colletotrichum lagenarium [20] and Phytophthora capsici [21] , and fungi including Aspergillus flavus [22] , Penicillium citrinum , Chaetomium globosum [23] , Colletotrichum gloesporioides , Fusarium oxysporum [24] , Botrytis cinerea [25] and Candida albicans [26] . Although the antimicrobial activity of linalool has been extensively studied in vitro , the potential immune mechanism in vivo remains poorly understood.…”

Hybrid Bio-Based Silicone Coatings with Anti-adhesive Properties

“…The low solubility in water we have mentioned before hinders their application in the area of aqueous drugs. To solve this problem, eugenol and linalool were used in aqueous environments in the form of Zein nanoparticles [ 45 ] or microemulsions [ 46 ].…”