Lincosamides, Pleuromutilins, and Streptogramins

Giguère, Steeve

doi:10.1002/9781118675014.ch12

Cited by 31 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…9 Yet, the use of tiamulin as a therapeutic antimicrobial agent against Brachyspira spp. and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections is common 18 and cannot be ruled out for this study. Broad-spectrum penicillins were the most frequently used antimicrobial class in pigs from this study, as described in a former study conducted in the same pig herds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Resistance and Decreased Susceptibility inStreptococcus suisIsolates from Clinically Healthy Fattening Pigs

Callens

Haesebrouck

Maes

et al. 2013

Microbial Drug Resistance

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) has often been reported as an important swine pathogen and is considered as a new emerging zoonotic agent. Consequently, it is important to be informed on its susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. In the current study, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) population distribution of nine antimicrobial agents has been determined for nasal S. suis strains, isolated from healthy pigs at the end of the fattening period from 50 closed or semiclosed pig herds. The aim of the study was to report resistance based on both clinical breakpoints (clinical resistance percentage) and epidemiological cutoff values (non-wild-type percentage). Non-wild-type percentages were high for tetracycline (98%), lincomycin (92%), tilmicosin (72%), erythromycin (70%), tylosin (66%), and low for florfenicol (0%) and enrofloxacin (0.3%). Clinical resistance percentages were high for tetracycline (95%), erythromycin (66%), tylosin (66%), and low for florfenicol (0.3%) and enrofloxacin (0.3%). For tiamulin, for which no clinical breakpoint is available, 57% of the isolates did not belong to the wild-type population. Clinical resistance and non-wild-type percentages differed substantially for penicillin. Only 1% of the tested S. suis strains was considered as clinically resistant, whereas 47% of the strains showed acquired resistance when epidemiological cutoff values were used. In conclusion, MIC values for penicillin are gradually increasing, compared to previous reports, although pigs infected with strains showing higher MICs may still respond to treatment with penicillin. The high rate of acquired resistance against tiamulin has not been reported before. Results from this study clearly demonstrate that the use of different interpretive criteria contributes to the extent of differences in reported antimicrobial resistance results. The early detection of small changes in the MIC population distribution of isolates, while clinical failure may not yet be observed, provides the opportunity to implement appropriate risk management steps. Introduction Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important swine pathogen affecting pigs of different ages, although susceptibility to the disease decreases with age after weaning. 4,36 It is known to cause meningitis, arthritis, septicemia, endocarditis, polyserositis, bronchopneumonia, and abortion, 4,23,36 but can also be found in the upper respiratory, alimentary, and urogenital tract of healthy pigs.4,22 S. suis has also been implicated in disease in humans, especially among people in close contact with swine and pork. 20,27 Moreover, S. suis has recently been reported as an emerging zoonotic pathogen evidenced by a few large-scale outbreaks of severe S. suis epidemics in Asia. 28,41,42 The most frequently applied treatment for pigs with clinical signs of S. suis infection is feed medication with antimicrobials, particularly, broad-spectrum penicillins. 9,19,37 Currently, no effective commercial vaccine is available. Prevention is based on the optimization of management, au...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Resistance and Decreased Susceptibility inStreptococcus suisIsolates from Clinically Healthy Fattening Pigs

Callens

Haesebrouck

Maes

et al. 2013

Microbial Drug Resistance

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…16 Tylosin is concentrated in tissues including lungs at levels between 3 to 5 times greater than those detected in plasma. 2,1 Doxycycline after IV administration obeyed a two compartments-open model. 17 The pharmacokinetics of doxycycline were studied in chickens following different routes of administrations.…”

Section: Time (H)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Tylosin was indicated for treatment of respiratory disease caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum and synoviae in chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys. 2 Tylosin is considered as a bacteriostatic timedependent antibacterial agent that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis through reversible binding to the 50 S subunit of the ribosome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics, tissue residues and efficacy of D-Tylo50/25® (tylosin-doxycycline combination) in broiler chickens

Aboubakr

Elbadawy

2017

Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Pharmacokinetic study of a commercial tylosin-doxycycline combination product (D-Tylo50/25®) was conducted in broiler chickens following intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administration at doses of 50 mg/kgb. wt. (tylosin) and 25 mg/kg b. wt. (doxycycline).Methods: Serum drug concentrations were determined by a validated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using UV detection.Results: A rapid and nearly complete absorption of both drugs with a mean PO bioavailability of 89.16% (tylosin) and 94.30% (doxycycline), prolonged elimination half-lives, and high tissue penetration with steady state volume of distribution of 6.73L/kg (tylosin) and 5.51L/kg (doxycycline) were observed. Tissue residues were studied following oral administration of each drug alone for fiveconsecutive days and blood and tissue samples were obtained for 10 days after the last dose. Residues of tylosin and doxycyclines showed that kidney, liver and lung contained highest drug residues and completely disappeared from those tissues at 5 and 6 days after the last oral dose, respectively. The efficacies of D-Tylo50/25® and other antibiotics (tiamulin and oxytetracyline) were investigated in broiler chicks experimentally infected by Mycoplasma gallisepticum.Conclusions: The pharmacokinetics of both drugs was characterized by a rapid and complete absorption, extensive tissue distribution and slow elimination. D-Tylo50/25® is more effective than tiamulin and oxytetracycline against Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in broilers.

show abstract

“…Tylosin is a macrolide antibiotic registered exclusively for veterinary use and was first described by [4]. Tylosin is active against Gram-positive bacteria, anaerobic bacteria and mycoplasmas [5]. It is indicated primarily for the treatment of chronic respiratory disease complex caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum and synoviae in chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys [2] [6] [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Residues of Tylosin in Broiler Chickens

Soliman¹,

Sedek²

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The pharmacokinetics and tissue residue of tylosin in broiler chickens were studied after I.V. and oral administrations in a dose of 50 mg tylosin/kg.b.wt. Tylosin was obeyed a two-compartment open model following I.V. administration at a dose of 50 mg/kg.b.wt. The disposition kinetics of tylosin following I.V. administration revealed that tylosin was highly distributed with Vd(area) of 6 L/kg and eliminated with half-life (t1/2β) equal to 7.29 hours. The disposition kinetics of tylosin following oral administration revealed that the maximum blood concentration (Cmax) was 3.40 µg/ml attained at (tmax) of 1.08 hour. Tylosin was eliminated with half-life (t1/2β) equal to 5.78 hours. The mean systemic bioavailability of tylosin after oral administration was 90.29%. Following repeated oral administration of 50 mg tylosin base/kg.b.wt once daily for 5 consecutive days, the blood (µg/ml) and tissue (µg/g) residues of tylosin showed that liver, kidney and lung contained the highest tylosin residues and completely disappeared from those tissues at 6 days after the last oral dose. Chickens should not be slaughtered for human consumption within the treatment and 6 days after the last oral administrations of tylosin.

show abstract

Lincosamides, Pleuromutilins, and Streptogramins

Cited by 31 publications

References 50 publications

Clinical Resistance and Decreased Susceptibility inStreptococcus suisIsolates from Clinically Healthy Fattening Pigs

Clinical Resistance and Decreased Susceptibility inStreptococcus suisIsolates from Clinically Healthy Fattening Pigs

Pharmacokinetics, tissue residues and efficacy of D-Tylo50/25® (tylosin-doxycycline combination) in broiler chickens

Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Residues of Tylosin in Broiler Chickens

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About