lincRNA_Tc13743.2-miR-133-5p-TcGSTm02 regulation pathway mediates cyflumetofen resistance in Tetranychus cinnabarinus

BACKGROUND Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of biological processes and have been identified in many species including insects. However, the association between lncRNAs and pesticide resistance in insect species such as Bactrocera dorsalis is unknown. RESULTS RNA‐seq was performed on malathion resistant (MR1) and susceptible (MS) strains of B. dorsalis and a total of 6171 lncRNAs transcripts were identified. These included 3728 lincRNAs, 653 antisense lncRNAs, 1402 intronic lncRNAs, and 388 sense lncRNAs. A total of 40 and 52 upregulated lncRNAs were found in females and males of the MR1 strain compared to 54 and 49 in the same sexes of the MS strain, respectively. Twenty‐seven of these lncRNAs showed the same trend of expression in both females and males in the MR1 strain, in which 15 lncRNAs were upregulated and 12 were downregulated. RT‐qPCR results indicated that the differentially expressed lncRNAs were associated with malathion resistance. The lnc15010.10 and lnc3774.2 were highly expressed in the cuticle of the MR1 strain, indicating that these two lncRNAs may be related to malathion resistance. RNAi of lnc3774.2 and a bioassay showed that malathion resistance was possibly influenced by changes in the B. dorsalis cuticle. CONCLUSION LncRNAs of B. dorsalis potentially related to the malathion resistance were identified. Two lncRNAs appear to influence malathion resistance via modulating the structure, or components, of the cuticle. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Genome‐wide identification of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with malathion resistance in Bactrocera dorsalis

Meng

Yuan

Chen

et al. 2021

“…suggested the involvement of cis‐regulatory variation of CYP392A16 in pyflubumide resistance. Associations of variations in the expression regulatory systems of certain glutathione S ‐transferases have been reported in strains with low and moderate cyflumetofen resistance in T. cinnabarinus 27,28 . Besides increasing expression of detoxification enzymes, suppressed expression of enzymes that metabolize and activate the complex II inhibitors 14–18 also possibly contributes resistance development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐occurrence of subunit B and C mutations in respiratory complex II confers high resistance levels to pyflubumide and cyenopyrafen in the two‐spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Maeoka

Osakabe

2021

BACKGROUND Pyflubumide and cyenopyrafen are respiratory complex II (complex II) inhibitors. Previous quantitative trait locus analyses suggested associations of I260V and S56L in complex II subunit B (B‐I260V) and subunit C (C‐S56L) with pyflubumide and cyenopyrafen resistance, respectively, in Tetranychus urticae. However, although resistant strains had been selected separately by these acaricides, all strains were homozygous for both B‐I260V and C‐S56L. Hence, the effects of each mutation on resistance development remain unclear. RESULTS We established strains homozygous for B‐I260V with C‐S56 (B‐I260V_I260V/C‐S56_S56) and for C‐S56L with B‐I260 (B‐I260_I260/C‐S56L_S56L). High resistance levels (LC50 > 1000 mg L−1) to pyflubumide and cyenopyrafen was not conferred by B‐I260V or C‐S56L alone. Next, we prepared intermixed strains by crossing B‐I260V_I260V/C‐S56_S56 and B‐I260_I260/C‐S56L_S56L. Selection of the intermixed strains by either acaricide caused very high resistance levels (LC50 ≥ 10 000 mg L−1) to both acaricides and fixed both mutations. Allele‐selected recoupling of the mutations without acaricide selection also conferred very high resistance levels to both acaricides in the intermixed strains. Unlike these, B‐I260V or C‐S56L alone conferred very high and high resistance levels to cyflumetofen, respectively. CONCLUSION We conclude that the effect of individual mutations characteristically varies among complex II inhibitors. Moreover, very high resistance levels to pyflubumide and cyenopyrafen is conferred by the co‐occurrence of B‐I260V and C‐S56L mutations, which alone have limited effects on resistance level.

“…Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval, Aphis citricola Van der Goot and Mythimna separata Walker are three typically fruit trees/crop‐threatening agricultural pests 1–5 . For instance, T. cinnabarinus has extremely short life cycle and high reproductive capacity, so it is very easy to generate strong resistance levels 6–8 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spirodiclofen ether derivatives: semisynthesis, structural elucidation, and pesticidal activities against Tetranychus cinnabarinusBoisduval, Aphis citricolaVan der Goot and Mythimna separataWalker

et al. 2021

BACKGROUND Spirodiclofen is a spirocyclic tetronic acid‐type acaricidal agent. Nowadays, serious pests resistance to spirodiclofen and cross‐resistance to other acaricides has appeared. To overcome pests resistance and discover new potential agrochemicals, a series of ether derivatives were prepared based on spirodiclofen as a lead compound. Their pesticidal activities were investigated against three typically agricultural pests, Mythimna separata Walker, Aphis citricola Van der Goot and Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval. RESULTS Four steric structures of compounds 5e, 5f, 5i and 5j were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Against T. cinnabarinus, compounds 5b, 5f and 5l exhibited potent acaricidal activity, and their good control effects in the glasshouse were observed when compared with spirodiclofen, especially the control efficiency of compound 5b was comparable to that of spirodiclofen; against M. separata, compound 5j showed > 1.8‐fold potent insecticidal activity of spirodiclofen; against A. citricola, compounds 5d and 5j displayed > 2.0‐fold potent aphicidal activity of spirodiclofen. The relationships between their structures and agricultural activities were also discussed. CONCLUSION Compounds 5b and 5d could be further studied as acaricidal and aphicidal agents, respectively; compound 5j can be considered as a lead compound for the insecticidal and aphicidal activities. This will pave the way for future application of these derivatives as pesticide substitutes for spirodiclofen. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry