Lineage analysis of human papillomavirus type 39 in cervical samples of Iranian women

Abstract

Background The data with regards to the regional variants of distinct HPV types is of great value. Accordance with this, this study aimed to investigate the sequence variations of E6 gene and long control region of HPV 39 among normal, premalignant and malignant cervical samples in order to characterize the frequent HPV 39 variants circulating in Tehran, Iran. Methods In total, 70 cervical samples (45 normal, 16 premalignant, and 9 malignant samples) infected with HPV 39 were analyzed by nested-PCR and sequencing. Results Our results revealed that all samples belonged to A lineage. Almost all sequences (98.6%) were classified in A1 sublineage and only one sample (1.4%) was A2 sub lineage. Conclusions Our findings showed that lineages A, sublineage A1, is dominant in Tehran, Iran. However, the small sample size was the most important limitations of this study. Further studies with larger sample size from different geographical regions of Iran are necessary to estimate the pathogenicity risk of HPV 39 variants in this population.

Variant analysis of human papillomavirus type 52 in Iranian women during 2018−2020: A case‐control study

“…Regarding the finding that lineage A of HPV 52 is prevalent in Iran, the E6 variation sequence analysis of other HPV types including HPV 16, 18, 31, 39, 45, and 56 in Iranian women showed that distinctive lineage/sublineages are dominant in this population as follows: for HPV 16 (lineage D), HPV 18 (sublineage A4), HPV 31 (lineage A), HPV 39 (sublineage A1), HPV 45 (lineage B), and HPV 56 (lineage B). 15 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 …”

“…Although the distribution of HPV types is well‐known in Iran, 11 there is much less identified about HPV lineages and sublineages in this country 15,18–21 . The data in this regard is important as it would provide a rationale for future studies on their epidemiology, evolution, pathogenicity, and biology.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] More than 200 different human papillomavirus (HPV) types are reported; among which 40 types can infect the anogenital areas. 2 However, 14 HPV types are designated as high-risk (HR)-HPV types, including HPV 16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59, 66, and 68 that can persist and cause several malignancies, particularly cervical cancer. [5][6][7][8][9] Although HPV infections mostly resolve within 6 months up to 2 years after acquisition, a small proportion of infections with HR-HPV types can persist and consequently lead to cervical cancer.…”

“…[5][6][7][8][9] Although HPV infections mostly resolve within 6 months up to 2 years after acquisition, a small proportion of infections with HR-HPV types can persist and consequently lead to cervical cancer. The global prevalence of the 10 most common HPV types was reported to be 55.4%, 16.1%, 4.7%, 4.1%, 3.8%, 3%, 2.8%, 1.9%, 1.2%, and 0.9% for HPV 16,18,45,33,31,58,52,35,59, and 56 in cervical cancer, respectively. 10 The five most frequent HPV types are HPV 16 (53%), 18 (15%), 31 (4%), 33 (3%), and 45 (3%) in Iranian women with cervical cancer.…”

Trends in cocirculation of oncogenic HPV genotypes in single and multiple infections among the unvaccinated community

“…Some types are supposed to have existed in specific regions although it seems traveling, tourism, and social communications increase the exposure risk of HPVs' different genotypes. Therefore, the various HPV genotypes were cocirculated between the communalities 6,8,10,19,25,45,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. Moreover, synergistic effects and trends in cocirculation of specific HPV genotypes are needed to be appraised in a future meta-analysis study.…”