Lineage and sublineage analysis of human papillomavirus type 56 in cervical samples of Iranian women

Abstract

Understanding the regional lineages and sublineages of human papillomavirus type 56 (HPV 56) would be of great importance for further evolutionary, epidemiological, and biological investigations. To identify the distribution of lineages and sublineages of HPV 56 in Iran, the sequence variations of the E6 gene were analyzed in normal, premalignant, and malignant samples obtained from the cervix. In total, 58 HPV 56positive samples were investigated by nested-PCR and followed by bidirectional direct nucleotide sequencing analysis. Both lineages A and B were identified in the studied samples. Lineage B was dominant as it was detected in 88.4% of all samples and the remaining samples belonged to lineage A (11.6%). Sublineages A1 and A2 were detected in 3.3% and 8.3% of all samples, respectively. With regard to the pathological stages of cervical specimens, no statistically significant differences were found in the three studied groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, our findings showed that lineage B of HPV 56 was prevalent in Iran. However, further studies with a larger sample size are warranted to estimate the pathogenicity risk of HPV 56 lineages/ sublineages to the progression of cervical cancer among Iranian women.

Variant analysis of human papillomavirus type 52 in Iranian women during 2018−2020: A case‐control study

“…Regarding the finding that lineage A of HPV 52 is prevalent in Iran, the E6 variation sequence analysis of other HPV types including HPV 16, 18, 31, 39, 45, and 56 in Iranian women showed that distinctive lineage/sublineages are dominant in this population as follows: for HPV 16 (lineage D), HPV 18 (sublineage A4), HPV 31 (lineage A), HPV 39 (sublineage A1), HPV 45 (lineage B), and HPV 56 (lineage B). 15 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 …”

“…Although the distribution of HPV types is well‐known in Iran, 11 there is much less identified about HPV lineages and sublineages in this country 15,18–21 . The data in this regard is important as it would provide a rationale for future studies on their epidemiology, evolution, pathogenicity, and biology.…”

“…17 Although the distribution of HPV types is well-known in Iran, 11 there is much less identified about HPV lineages and sublineages in this country. 15,[18][19][20][21] The data in this regard is important as it would provide a rationale for future studies on their epidemiology, evolution, pathogenicity, and biology. In agreement with this, the present study intended to investigate the sequence variations of the E6 gene to identify the common HPV 52 lineages and sublineages circulating in Iran.…”

The expression analysis of human endogenous retrovirus‐K Env, Np9, and Rec transcripts in cervical cancer

“…All samples were screened for HPV by nested polymerase chain reaction (nested‐PCR) using primer pairs of MY09/11 and GP+5/+6, as described previously 23 . Briefly, 200 ng of DNA template was subjected to the amplification of a 150 bp fragment of the L1‐coding gene in a reaction mixture containing 10 pmol of each primer pair, 50 μM of each dNTP, 2 mM MgCl 2 , and 1 U of Taq‐DNA polymerase.…”

Trends in cocirculation of oncogenic HPV genotypes in single and multiple infections among the unvaccinated community

“…Some types are supposed to have existed in specific regions although it seems traveling, tourism, and social communications increase the exposure risk of HPVs' different genotypes. Therefore, the various HPV genotypes were cocirculated between the communalities 6,8,10,19,25,45,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. Moreover, synergistic effects and trends in cocirculation of specific HPV genotypes are needed to be appraised in a future meta-analysis study.…”