Linear and nonlinear melt rheology and extrudate swell of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene and organoclay‐filled acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene nanocomposite

Saadat, Amir; Nazockdast, Hossein; Sepehr, Fatemeh; Mehranpour, Milad

doi:10.1002/pen.21769

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…that all the nanocomposite samples exhibited the MWCNTs induced solid‐like response at low frequencies, but the response in the case of PS was by far stronger. This suggests that the MWCNTs have a much greater affinity toward PS compared with that toward PP and PMMA .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The properties of these polymers are summarized in Table . Considering the importance of kinetic parameters in determination of MWCNT's localization, the apparent viscosity corresponding to the shear rate in the internal mixer and zero shear viscosity were estimated at 60 and 0.05 s −1 , respectively (Table ) . The carbon nanotubes used in this study were commercially available as MWCNTs, NC‐7000, from Nanocyl, Belgium.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unraveling the localization behavior of MWCNTs in binary polymer blends using thermodynamics and viscoelastic approaches

2016

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Using thermodynamics and viscoelastic approaches, the present work evaluated the localization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in binary polymer blends with matrix/dispersed morphologies from pairs of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), and polypropylene (PP). Thermodynamic predictions suggested that the MWCNTs should preferentially localize at the blend interface for all the nanocomposite samples. However, viscoelastic measurements showed that the MWCNTs localize elsewhere in the binary blend samples, either in the matrix, the droplets, or both; this suggests that the thermodynamic parameters were not the only ones at work. Linear viscoelastic experiments showed that the affinity toward the individual polymers was in the following order: PS ≫ PP > PMMA. Furthermore, it was shown that the dispersive mixing of the MWCNTs in the blend components was mainly controlled by the rheological properties. This was further confirmed by start‐up experiments, electron microscopy, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Therefore, the kinetic parameters needed to be considered in determining where the MWCNTs eventually ended up in the binary polymer blends. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:2356–2367, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the localization behavior of MWCNTs in binary polymer blends using thermodynamics and viscoelastic approaches

2016

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“…It can be clearly seen that the nanocomposite samples exhibit a strong solid‐like behavior and viscosity upturn at a low‐frequency range whose extent increases with MWCNTs content. This behavior is known to be an indication of three‐dimensional physical networks formed between particle–particle and/or particle–matrix, whose extent is determined by degree of dispersion and concentration of MWCNTs . The results imply that the MWCNTs are in the PMMA matrix as well as the other two blend components.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Localization on Morphology Development of PMMA/PS/PP Ternary Blends

et al. 2015

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In this work, we studied the parameters affecting the localization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and its impact on morphology development of poly(methyl methacrylate)/polystyrene/polypropylene (PMMA/PS/PP) ternary blends, which originally have a thermodynamically preferred core-shell type morphology. We compared the results with the morphological prediction based on the thermodynamic approach. The MWCNTs localization and morphological features of nanocomposite samples were studied by means of melt linear viscoelastic experiments together with electron microscopy results. It was found that at 0.5 wt% of MWCNTs the original core-shell type morphology of the ternary blend samples almost remained intact. and this observation was independent of the sequence of feeding. At 1 wt% of MWCNTs, the core-shell morphology was retained only for those nanocomposite samples prepared using the sequential feeding mode. In addition, it was demonstrated that the thermodynamic predictions could be utilized for the nanocomposites containing low MWCNTs contents. However, this was not true for the nanocomposites with higher MWCNTs contents due to the predominating role of viscoelastic properties of the PS shell. C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com.

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“…Extrudate swell, also called die swell, is one of the most important viscoelastic responses of polymer melts and play a key role in processability of polymers and die design in extrusion process. According to Saadat et al, 2010 the presence of organoclay reduced die swell of ABS/clay nanocomposites and this was explained in terms of great surface area and anisometric nature of organoclay tactoids and/or platelets, which promote energy consumption and less energy to be stored in chains. The OMMT/ABS nanocomposite materials were subjected to a series of five succesive extrusion cycles, in a co-rotating twin screw extruder and the effect of reprocessing on the properties of this compound was investigated by Karahaliou & Tarantili, 2010.…”

Section: Characterization Of Abs/organoclay Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, nanocomposites prepared by the SOAM method showed more solid-like behaviour and exhibited higher increase of storage modulus throughout the frequency range, than those prepared by solution blending. From the results of linear and nonlinear viscoelastic measurements in ABS/clay melts it was found that, in addition to the physical network originated from interconnection of rubber particles, a 3D network is formed between organoclay platelets and/or tactoids that causes reduced temperature dependence of linear viscoelastic properties of nanocomposite samples as compared with ABS matrix (Saadat et al, 2010). Extrudate swell, also called die swell, is one of the most important viscoelastic responses of polymer melts and play a key role in processability of polymers and die design in extrusion process.…”

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Composites of Engineering Plastics with Layered Silicate Nanofillers: Preparation and Study of Microstructure and Thermomechanical Properties

Tarantili¹

2011

Nanocomposites and Polymers With Analytical Methods

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Polymer nanocompositesPolymer/layered silicate nanocomposites have recently attracted a great deal of interest because of their unique properties, such as enhanced mechanical property, increased thermal stability, improved gas barrier properties and reduced flammability. According to the arrangement of silicate layers within the polymer matrix, two types of morphology can be achieved in nanocomposites: namely intercalated or exfoliated structures. Exfoliated structures have been well recognized as superior morphology for high performance at lower clay loadings, but are difficult to achieve. Attempts to improve processability and ensure efficient dispersion of the above fillers have led to modifications, e.g. with quaternary ammonium surfactants, which is expected to increase the inter-gallery spacing and provide enough hydrophobicity to clay particles in order to make them miscible with the polymer matrix. A typical example is sodium montmorillonite (MMT), one of the most commonly used clays, which is hydrophilic and therefore shows restricted compatibility with many polymers. To obtain good interfacial adhesion for improved mechanical properties, the clay needs to be modified prior to incorporating into the usual organophilic polymer matrices. Clay modification can be achieved by an ion exchange reaction with organophilic cations (Utracki, 2004). There are two reasons for this modification: (i) the addition of an intercalating agent to increase the space between the layered silicates and make it more uniform and (ii) the addition of small organic molecules bonded to silicates to make MMT more miscible with the polymer matrix. Therefore, polymer molecules are allowed to enter the enlarged intergallery of silicates for further intercalation or exfoliation. In general the intercalated agents are small molecules of cationic surfactant, such dodecyl ammonium chloride and 1-hexadecyl ammonium blomide. Clay possesses net negative charge on its lamellar surface and, therefore, it can absorb cations, such as Na + or Ca 2+ . Alkyl ammonium ions can replace metal cations through a cation exchange process and occupy the gallery space between nanoscaled layers of the clay to alter the original silicate surface from hydrophilic to organophilic (Burnside and www.intechopen.com Nanocomposites and Polymers with Analytical Methods 150Giannelis, 1995). Because of the negative charge of the silicate layer, the cations head group of an alkyl ammonium molecule preferentially resides at the layer surface with the aliphatic tails being removed from the surface (Chen and Yoon, 2005). Nanocomposites can be prepared by solvent casting, by in situ polymerization or by melt compounding (Pinnavaia & Beall, 2002). So far, melt intercalation method has been the most commonly used procedure because of advantages especially in terms of commercial versatility and mass production ability. Three types of polymer/clay composites are usually recognized: a)"conventional composites", in which the clay is added as a common filler, b)"intercalated nanoc...

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Linear and nonlinear melt rheology and extrudate swell of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene and organoclay‐filled acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene nanocomposite

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Unraveling the localization behavior of MWCNTs in binary polymer blends using thermodynamics and viscoelastic approaches

Unraveling the localization behavior of MWCNTs in binary polymer blends using thermodynamics and viscoelastic approaches

Role of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Localization on Morphology Development of PMMA/PS/PP Ternary Blends

Composites of Engineering Plastics with Layered Silicate Nanofillers: Preparation and Study of Microstructure and Thermomechanical Properties

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