Linear and nonlinear processing in hair cells

Roberts, William M.; Rutherford, Mark A.

doi:10.1242/jeb.017616

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…(11) and (12). The present transmission line model shows forward traveling waves for the primary tones f 1 and f 2 and a forward and backward traveling wave for the DP 2 f 1 À f 2 , where a two tone pair is presented in Fig.…”

Section: Comparison Of Transmission Line Model Andmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…The IHCs transform mechanical information to neural information, whereas the OHCs amplify the BM motion. Mechanoelectric transduction by the OHCs produces a saturation function and is thought to represent the origin of nonlinearities in the cochlea [12]. Thus, the functions of the OHCs are the amplification and saturation of the BM motion.…”

Section: Transmission Line Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The simple models cannot explain the frequency ratio dependence because of the lack of a frequency term in the simple models described by Eqs. (11) and (12).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Dp Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the complicated mechanisms of the cochlea, mechanoelectric transduction in the isolated outer hair cells (OHCs) produces a saturation function that has been assumed to be the source of nonlinearities in cochlear mechanics [12]. The basic cochlear nonlinearity depends on the sound pressure level, and hence, compressive growth in the input-output (IO) function of the cochlea is an important property.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Input level dependence of distortion products generated by saturating feedback in a cochlear model

Murakami

Ishimitsu

2016

Acoust. Sci. & Tech.

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In this paper, we demonstrate how feedback from a saturation function can explain the generation mechanisms of cochlear distortion products (DPs) using a transmission line model of the cochlea, two simple nonlinear phenomenological models, and a power-law nonlinear model. The first model includes feedback via a saturating element that models outer hair cell motility toggled by mechanoelectric transduction. The second models focus on the saturation process in the cochlea, and result in either feed-forward or feedback. The third model can fit compressive growth in the cochlear input-output function. The models show compressive growth in input-output properties for a single tone and generate DPs at moderate input levels for two tones. The results of the transmission line model show a good fit to the experimental results. DP levels are concentrated when the levels of the two tones are equal in the simple feed-forward model and are widely distributed in the simple feedback model. The simple feedback model shows similar results to the transmission line model, with the exception of the dependence on the frequency rate. The results of the power-law nonlinear model with an appropriate power are comparable to the results of the simple feedback model. These results suggest that the saturating feedback process generates appropriate power-law nonlinearity and can account for the input level dependence of DP generation in the cochlea.

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Section: Comparison Of Transmission Line Model Andmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Transmission Line Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The simple models cannot explain the frequency ratio dependence because of the lack of a frequency term in the simple models described by Eqs. (11) and (12).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Dp Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Input level dependence of distortion products generated by saturating feedback in a cochlear model

Murakami

Ishimitsu

2016

Acoust. Sci. & Tech.

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“…It is reported that the compressive or tensile component of stresses dominates the responses of cutaneous Ad-fiber nociceptor (Khalsa et al 2000;Zheng et al 2002). While the relationship between stresses and receptor current is unknown-because the nociceptors is not accessible to whole-cell recording, sensory cells such as hair cells and pain receptors exhibit sigmoidal stimulus-current curves (Holt and Corey 2000;Roberts and Rutherford 2008;Siemens et al 2006), and the same trend of tension-Voltage for muscles exists (Karagueuzian and Katzung 1982). For this reason, this work employs a sigmoidal function…”

Section: Transduction Sub-modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromechanical representation of fabric-evoked prickliness: a fiber-skin-neuron model

Ding

et al. 2010

Cogn Neurodyn

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Cutaneous Ad nociceptors encode the material and geometrical features of fiber ends evoking prickliness sensation by generating neural spikes in response to indentation of human skin, however, understanding of the underlying neuromechanism of fabric-evoked prickliness is still far from clear. This work develops and validates a fiberskin-neuron (mechanosensitive Ad-nociceptors) model that combines an analytical model of fiber-skin indentation, a sigmoidal function of neuronal transduction, and a leaky integrate-and-fire model of neuronal dynamics. Firstly, the model is validated to be capable of capturing the typical neurphysiological features of cutaneous Ad nociceptors and the psychophysical phenomenon. And then, several case studies with respect to statistical features of fiber ends are carried out, and the resulting neural responses are calculated to explore the relationship between statistical features in study and evoked responses. The analysis of predicted action potentials over one second indicates that they systematically change with statistical features of fiber ends protruding above fabric surfaces, and the fitted stimulusresponse relationship of Ad nociceptors is highly similar to the stimulus-sensation relationship of prickliness rating magnitude. It follows that there might exist a linear relationship between fabric-evoked neurophysiological responses and psychophysical responses. These results provide significant new insight into the fabric-evoked prickliness sensation and raise interesting questions for further investigation, and the model described here bridges the gap between those models that transform fiber ends properties to firing rates.

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Supra-Threshold Hearing and Fluctuation Profiles: Implications for Sensorineural and Hidden Hearing Loss

Carney

2018

JARO

133

121

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An important topic in contemporary auditory science is supra-threshold hearing. Difficulty hearing at conversational speech levels in background noise has long been recognized as a problem of sensorineural hearing loss, including that associated with aging (presbyacusis). Such difficulty in listeners with normal thresholds has received more attention recently, especially associated with descriptions of synaptopathy, the loss of auditory nerve (AN) fibers as a result of noise exposure or aging. Synaptopathy has been reported to cause a disproportionate loss of low- and medium-spontaneous rate (L/MSR) AN fibers. Several studies of synaptopathy have assumed that the wide dynamic ranges of L/MSR AN fiber rates are critical for coding supra-threshold sounds. First, this review will present data from the literature that argues against a direct role for average discharge rates of L/MSR AN fibers in coding sounds at moderate to high sound levels. Second, the encoding of sounds at supra-threshold levels is examined. A key assumption in many studies is that saturation of AN fiber discharge rates limits neural encoding, even though the majority of AN fibers, high-spontaneous rate (HSR) fibers, have saturated average rates at conversational sound levels. It is argued here that the cross-frequency profile of low-frequency neural fluctuation amplitudes, not average rates, encodes complex sounds. As described below, this fluctuation-profile coding mechanism benefits from both saturation of inner hair cell (IHC) transduction and average rate saturation associated with the IHC-AN synapse. Third, the role of the auditory efferent system, which receives inputs from L/MSR fibers, is revisited in the context of fluctuation-profile coding. The auditory efferent system is hypothesized to maintain and enhance neural fluctuation profiles. Lastly, central mechanisms sensitive to neural fluctuations are reviewed. Low-frequency fluctuations in AN responses are accentuated by cochlear nucleus neurons which, either directly or via other brainstem nuclei, relay fluctuation profiles to the inferior colliculus (IC). IC neurons are sensitive to the frequency and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and convert fluctuation profiles from the periphery into a phase-locked rate profile that is robust across a wide range of sound levels and in background noise. The descending projection from the midbrain (IC) to the efferent system completes a functional loop that, combined with inputs from the L/MSR pathway, is hypothesized to maintain "sharp" supra-threshold hearing, reminiscent of visual mechanisms that regulate optical accommodation. Examples from speech coding and detection in noise are reviewed. Implications for the effects of synaptopathy on control mechanisms hypothesized to influence supra-threshold hearing are discussed. This framework for understanding neural coding and control mechanisms for supra-threshold hearing suggests strategies for the design of novel hearing aid signal-processing and electrical stimulation patterns for cochlear ...

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Linear and nonlinear processing in hair cells

Cited by 13 publications

References 56 publications

Input level dependence of distortion products generated by saturating feedback in a cochlear model

Input level dependence of distortion products generated by saturating feedback in a cochlear model

Neuromechanical representation of fabric-evoked prickliness: a fiber-skin-neuron model

Supra-Threshold Hearing and Fluctuation Profiles: Implications for Sensorineural and Hidden Hearing Loss

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