Linear and Nonlinear Ultrasonically Induced Birefringence in Polymer Solutions

Abstract

Ultrasonically induced birefringence in polystyrene-toluene solution was measured as a function of intensities. The birefringence signal was observed by the "nonbiased" and "biased" detection techniques. The values of birefringence obtained by the nonbiased detection technique were proportional to the ultrasonic amplitude, that is, the square root of the ultrasonic intensity and their intensity dependence was in accordance with those obtained by Jerrard (Ultrasonics 2 (1964) 74). The birefringence signal was successfully observed by the biased detection technique and its value was proportional to the square of the ultrasonic amplitude, that is, the ultrasonic intensity. In polymer solutions, two types of birefringence were induced; one was due to linear and the other was due to nonlinear origins.

Polarization of Diffracted Light by Ultrasound in Liquids without Strong Orientational Cooperativity

“…The electrical means and the sample cell used in this study are similar to those used in our previous studies. 13,14) A burst signal whose carrier wave frequency is 5, 15 or 25 MHz is generated by the combination of a signal generator (TOA FS-1131) and a double balanced mixer (R&K M9CA). After the signal being amplified 49 dB by a power amplifier (R&K A400-100R, 1.5 -400 MHz, 100 W) and it is applied to a quartz transducer with the fundamental resonance frequency of 5 MHz.…”