Linear chromosome of Borrelia burgdorferi

Baril, C; Richaud, Catherine; Baranton, Guy; Girons, Isabelle Saint

doi:10.1016/0923-2508(89)90083-1

Cited by 160 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…3 Mb and 900 kb. At the same time, it was shown that Borrelia burgdorferi, which causes Lyme disease, had a linear chromosome of 1 Mb as well as linear plasmids (Baril et al, 1989;Ferdows and Barbours, 1989); the presence of linear plasmids in Streptomyces had previously been reported. Other members of the Alpha-group of Proteobacteria, such as Brucella, Agrobacterium and the spirochaetes Leptospira, were subsequently reported to contain complex genomes (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic bacterial genome organization

Kolstø

1997

Molecular Microbiology

105

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SummaryRecently completed projects of sequencing chromosomal fragments and entire chromosomes, as well as physical mapping of genomes, have opened novel inroads to the understanding of the biology of bacterial genomes. From these studies one may draw some conclusions. (i) The organization of orthologous genes on the bacterial chromosome is not conserved during evolution. (ii) The bacterial genome is more complex and also more flexible than hitherto thought. Genetic elements are sometimes part of the chromosome, while at other times they are independent elements or parts of alternative replicons (e.g. large plasmids). Such replicons, carrying essential genes, now seem to deserve the designation 'secondary chromosomes'. A study of the regulation of replication and segregation of these essential genetic elements will be of great interest.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic bacterial genome organization

Kolstø

1997

Molecular Microbiology

105

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“…However, several exceptions to this general rule have been described. Some bacteria, such as Borrelia burgdorferi and Rhodococcus fascians, have linear chromosomes (4,20,24), whereas Streptomyces lividans and Streptomyces coelicolor have linear chromosomes that may become circular as a result of deletions spanning both telomeres (34,35). Still others, such as Brucella melitensis and Leptospira interrogans, have segmented genomes (40, 63).…”

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confidence: 99%

Physical map of the Clostridium beijerinckii (formerly Clostridium acetobutylicum) NCIMB 8052 chromosome

Wilkinson

Young

1995

J Bacteriol

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A combined physical and genetic map of the single, circular, 6.7-Mbp chromosome of the NCIMB 8052 strain of Clostridium beijerinckii (formerly Clostridium acetobutylicum) has been constructed by using a combination of cloned DNA fragments as hybridization probes and a bank of strains harboring insertions of the conjugative transposon Tn1545. The positions of 81 restriction endonuclease cleavage sites and 32 genes have been determined. Eight genes concerned with solventogenic fermentation are found at three different locations. The chromosome contains at least 13 rrn operons, 11 of which have been located on the map. Their transcriptional orientation diverges from the presumed location of the replication origin.Clostridium beijerinckii (formerly Clostridium acetobutylicum) is an obligately anaerobic spore-forming bacterium that produces acetone, butanol, and small amounts of ethanol when grown on sugary substrates. This process, known as ABE fermentation, has been used extensively for the industrial scale production of acetone and butanol (28). Several different strains are currently under investigation in various laboratories worldwide. They have been separated into three distinct groups on the basis of their biochemical and physiological characteristics, the extent of hybridization between their DNAs, and macrorestriction fragment profiles of their genomes (54, 57). The NCIMB 8052 strain, which belongs to the group that has the largest chromosome, is amenable to genetic manipulation (59, 60). It lacks the active restriction system that is found in the ATCC 824 strain (38). The NCIMB 8052 strain has no indigenous plasmids, but it supports replication of a variety of vectors based on plasmids from Clostridium butyricum, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus cremoris (41). They may be introduced by either electroporation (46) or intergeneric conjugation with Escherichia coli donors (56). This strain is also susceptible to Tn1545 mutagenesis (58). Homologous recombination between incoming sequences and their counterparts in the bacterial chromosome has recently been demonstrated (55).As an additional aid to genetic analysis of this organism, we have constructed a physical map of the 6.7-Mbp chromosome using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) (50). The application of PFGE to the analysis of bacterial genomes has revealed that the majority of bacteria have single circular chromosomes. However, several exceptions to this general rule have been described. Some bacteria, such as Borrelia burgdorferi and Rhodococcus fascians, have linear chromosomes (4,20,24), whereas Streptomyces lividans and Streptomyces coelicolor have linear chromosomes that may become circular as a result of deletions spanning both telomeres (34,35). Still others, such as Brucella melitensis and Leptospira interrogans, have segmented genomes (40, 63). The segmented genome of Agrobacterium tumefaciens has one circular and one linear component (1). The results reported here indicate that the NCIMB 8052 strain of C. beijerinckii, like most othe...

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“…These genomes have several common features, including a linear chromosome and a large number of smaller DNA molecules (plasmids), some of which are linear and others circular [14][15][16][17]. The linear structure of the chromosome and many of the plasmids is unusual in the bacterial world, although the evolutionary advantage of this form of DNA is unknown.…”

Section: Genome and Molecular Genetics Of B Burgdorferimentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi

Tilly

Rosa

Stewart

2008

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America

183

177

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The spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi is a tick-borne obligate parasite whose normal reservoir is a variety of small mammals [1]. Whereas infection of these natural hosts does not lead to disease, infection of humans can result in Lyme disease, as a consequence of the human immunopathological response to B. burgdorferi [2,3]. Consistent with the pathogenesis of Lyme disease, bacterial products that allow B. burgdorferi to replicate and survive, rather than true "virulence factors," appear to be primarily what is required for the bacterium to cause disease in a susceptible host. In support of this idea, the genome sequence of B31, the type strain of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto [4,5], revealed that the bacterium lacks factors common to many bacterial pathogens, such as lipopolysaccharide, toxins, and specialized secretion systems. In this chapter, we will describe the basic biology of B. burgdorferi, and some of the bacterial components required to infect and survive in the mammalian and tick hosts.

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Linear chromosome of Borrelia burgdorferi

Cited by 160 publications

References 21 publications

Dynamic bacterial genome organization

Dynamic bacterial genome organization

Physical map of the Clostridium beijerinckii (formerly Clostridium acetobutylicum) NCIMB 8052 chromosome

Biology of Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi

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