Linear elastic stress intensity factors for cracks in nuclear pressure vessel nozzles under pressure and temperature loading

Methodology for Estimating the Influence of Interaction of Defects in Shaft Preparations

“…Currently, there are a number of recommendations for problems of various classes, according to which defects are considered to be interacting at 𝜆 ≥ 0.2 ... 0.5, and combined -at 𝜆 < 0.2 ... 0.5 [7][8][9][10].…”

“…In other words, the available recommendations are in rather wide range and are not always unambiguous. For example, in one work [8] it is proposed to combine round collinear cracks at λ > 0.67, and in another [9] this recommendation is considered overly conservative. In the opinion of the authors of [9], the stress intensity factor (SIF) in this case is overestimated by approximately one and a half times, which is why they propose to consider the cracks united at 𝜆 > 0.9.…”