Linear friction welding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated below β-phase transformation temperature

A Sound Dissimilar AA5052/S45C Joint Formed by Uniform and Simultaneous Deformation of Both Materials Using Pressure-controlled Joule Heat Forge Welding

“…Figure 13 shows the maximum temperature during the welding processes measured using an infrared camera. As previous studied reported, [30][31][32][33][34][35] the welding temperature of both the Fe and Al sides was found to decrease with increasing applied pressure. On the other hand, the reduction in the welding temperature was relatively slight on the Al side, because of significant heat transfer from Fe side, which was elevated to a temperature above 1 000°C under all pressure conditions.…”

“…It has been reported in a previous study that the deformation of the joint interface increased by increasing the upset controlling the overall deformation and the increase in the weld interface area promoted the expelling of burrs consisting of rugged surfaces and oxide layers on the faying surfaces which were harmful to the joint performance, resulting in an increase in the joint strength. [30][31][32] In addition, simultaneous deformation of both materials is considered important for the formation of the sound joint interface by suppressing the defect formation during the welding process as well as effectively removing the rugged surface and oxide layers on the faying surface. However, for the friction welding of Al/Fe, not only the temperature dependence of the yield strength of both materials are quite different as shown in Fig.…”

Realization of Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Solid-State Welded Ti Alloy with Commercial Purity

“…In this study, we identified an orientation change from <0001> in the base-material zone to <2-1-10> in the welded zone. Therefore, we can conclude that grain refining [6,27,28] and orientation change [29] during FW are effective in sustaining and enhancing mechanical properties such as the yield and tensile strengths.…”

“…In general, the FW process is accompanied by metallic plastic flow; thus, the material can accumulate stored energy, which acts as a simultaneous-recrystallization nucleus site [21][22][23]. In addition, the friction heat, generally in the range of 0.5-0.6 T m , generated during welding is sufficient to recrystallize the welded material [6,24].…”

“…Solid-state welding (SSW) is a new welding and joining process that realizes high-quality welds as there is no melting involved in the process; this approach results in a lower heat input and also affords a notable enhancement in mechanical properties such as microhardness, yield, and tensile and peel strengths in the weld relative to fusion welding processes [6][7][8]. Among the various SSW processes, friction welding (FW) is suitable for the rod and tube typed metals (basical machine structure in Fig.…”