“…It is therefore not surprising that a way to quantify this is through the decay of a negative Sobolev norm, as in (1.12). In the context of passive scalars, this point of view was introduced in [31], and it is deeply connected with the regularity of transport equations [12,18,26,45], the quantification and lower bounds on mixing rates [1,6,19,25,32,36,46], and the inviscid damping in the two-dimensional Euler equations linearized around shear flows [8,17,23,40,42,43,[47][48][49].…”