Linear Plasma Device for the Study of Plasma–Surface Interactions

Abstract

At the research and production company “PlasmaScience” (Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan), a linear plasma generator installation, KAZ-PSI (Kazakhstan Plasma Generator for Plasma Surface Interactions), has been developed and constructed for the study of the interaction of plasma and materials. This article outlines some features of the developed experimental installation designed for the investigation of surface–plasma interactions. The primary components of the linear plasma installation include an electron-beam gun with a LaB6 cathode, a plasma-beam discharge chamber, an interaction chamber, a target device, and an electromagnetic system comprising electromagnetic coils. The KAZ-PSI unit enables continuous plasma generation using hydrogen, deuterium, helium, argon, and nitrogen. The electron density of the plasma is in the range of about 1017–1018 m−3 and the electron temperature is in the range of 1 to 20 eV. The incident ion energy is regulated by applying a negative potential of up to 2 kV to the target. Experiments on the irradiation of tungsten with helium plasma were carried out using the KAZ-PSI installation for the first time. This article presents the research findings on the structure and properties of tungsten relative to the temperature of helium plasma irradiation. Alterations in roughness, microstructure, hardness, modulus of elasticity, and erosion of the tungsten’s surface following helium plasma irradiation at varying temperatures were examined. The study’s results indicate that helium plasma irradiation induces changes in the morphology of the tungsten’s surface, creating surface relief due to sputtering by helium ions, as well as the formation of blisters. Mechanical testing revealed that after irradiation at T = 500 °C, there was an increase in hardness of up to 10%, and a slight decrease in modulus of elasticity. And after irradiation at T = 900 °C and T = 1300 °C, both hardness and elastic modulus decreased with rising temperature. The tungsten surface erosion evaluation results showed that the degrees of surface erosion increase with increasing target temperature.

Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Tungsten Irradiated by Helium Plasma

“…The KAZ-PSI plasma facility [12], built at PlasmaScience LLP in 2019, Fig. 1., is designed for plasma testing of refractory metals and materials created by electron beam irradiation.…”

The Influence of Crystal Orientation and Thermal State of a Pure Cu on the Formation of Helium Blisters

“…A second mechanism suggested by Evans [17] assumes that a fracture takes place between over-pressurized helium bubbles that cause blister formation. Both models assume that the driving force for helium blister formation is the internal liberation of helium and its accumulation in the near-surface region [18]. Blister formation depends on the composition of the implanted material and its crystallographic orientation, thermo-mechanical history, and the experimental temperature [19][20][21][22][23].…”