Linear polyester synthesized from furfural-based monomer by photoreaction in sunlight

Abstract

A linear polyester was synthesized from furfural-based monomer through solvent-free polymerization using sunlight and the polymer structure was confirmed by a single crystal X-ray structure of a partially polymerized intermediate.

Polyladderane Constructed from a Gemini Monomer through Photoreaction

“…While complete photoreaction caused crystal II to become an amorphous solid and lose its crystalline state, partial polymerization resulted in the successful capture of a key polyladderane intermediate. Analysis of the partial single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SCSC) transformation indicated that about 10 % of 1,3‐dienes in partially polymerized IIa were converted to cis , anti , cis ‐[3]‐ladderanes (Figure f–h) . This partial single‐crystal X‐ray structure of polyladderane provides direct evidence for the aforementioned analysis.…”

“…Because of electrostatic interactions, conjugated dienes with different end groups prefer to pack into a crystal lattice in an electronically‐complementary head‐to‐tail fashion (Figure a) . When two conjugated dienes are linked with an unreactive covalent spacer, the resulting gemini monomer can lead to the desired polyladderane (Figure b) after the [2+2] photopolymerization in the solid state –…”

“…However, the distance of 1,3‐dienes with the same colors is 8.5 % closer than that of the 1,3‐dienes with different colors. Moreover, the π orbitals of adjacent C=C bonds with the same colors point almost directly toward each other while the π orbitals of neighboring monomers with different colors are offset by more than 2 Å . This orbital overlap is critical for the locally confined reaction in the solid state, which normally proceeds by the pathway with the smallest movement of atoms.…”

Preparation of the flexible soybean oil‐based material via [2 + 2] cycloaddition photo‐polymerization

“…23 [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction, which has no by-products and pollution, is more conducive to the improvement of the environmental problems. 24,25 Moreover, no photoinitiator or catalyst is required during the reaction. Another point worthy of attention is that trans-CA can form a special structure containing flexible cyclobutane and rigid benzene ring groups through this reaction.…”

Waste brewed tea leaf derived cellulose nanofiber reinforced fully bio-based waterborne polyester nanocomposite as an environmentally benign material

“…The design of bio-based polyesters offers promise of sustainability on the growth of economically and ecologically attractive technology and hence in the recent times, much effort has been devoted for sustainable development of polyester by exploring renewable raw materials to replace petroleum based feedstocks. [5][6][7][8] But, the synthetic procedures of the bio-based polyesters still depends on solvent, leading to evaporation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the atmosphere causing environmental annoyance. So, Environmental Protection Agency and different environment quality monitoring bodies tried to use Green chemistry as a predestined tool to remove or decrease the amount of VOCs released to the atmosphere and promote growth of environment friendly sustainable chemical industries.…”