“…As is well known, the commonly used optimality criteria in CTMDPs are the expected discounted, average, and the finite-horizon. The former two criteria are on the infinite (time-) horizon case, and have been well studied; see, [3], [4], [7], [8], [9], [11], [16], [20], [21], [23], [24], and [26] for the infinite-horizon expected discounted criterion and [8], [10], [11], [12], [17], and [24] for the long run expected average criterion. In this paper we focus on the finite-horizon criterion for CTMDPs, thus we shall not pinpoint the earlier literature on the average and discounted CTMDPs with an infinite horizon, and give emphasis to those on finite-horizon CTMDPs.…”