Comparing measurements of redshift-space distortions (RSDs) with geometrical observations of the expansion of the Universe offers tremendous potential for testing general relativity on very large scales. The basic linear theory of RSDs in the distantobserver limit has been known for 25 years and the effect has been conclusively observed in numerous galaxy surveys. The next generation of galaxy survey will observe many millions of galaxies over volumes of many tens of Gpc 3 . They will provide RSD measurements of such exquisite precision that we will have to carefully analyse and correct for many systematic deviations from this simple picture in order to fully exploit the statistical precision obtained. We review RSD theory and show how ubiquitous RSDs actually are, and then consider a number of potential systematic effects, shamelessly highlighting recent work in which we have been involved. This review ends by looking ahead to the future surveys that will make the next generation of RSD measurements.Keywords: cosmology; cosmology observations; large-scale structure of Universe
Linear redshift-space distortionsThe rate at which cosmological structure grows provides significant evidence to discriminate between cosmological models. In particular, dark energy models in which general relativity (GR) is unmodified predict formation rates that are different when compared with modified gravity models with the same background expansion [1].The overdensity field evolves through the motion of material within a comoving frame, and galaxies act as test particles following this peculiar velocity field. Galaxy redshifts depend on the relative velocity of galaxies with respect to the observer, and so include both the Hubble recession and the peculiar velocity. Consequently, if only the Hubble recession is assumed when converting from redshift to distance, then we recover a distorted field, with radial redshift-space distortions (RSDs) caused by coherent co-moving flows.If we follow the 'plane-parallel' approximation that observed galaxies are sufficiently far away that their separations are small when compared with the distances between them, then assume that the linearized continuity equation This journal is