Linear signal transmission from prepotentials to cells in the macaque lateral geniculate nucleus

Lee, B. B.; Virsu, Veijo; Creutzfeldt, O. D.

doi:10.1007/bf00237148

Cited by 57 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In general, we observed three potentials: isolated EPSPs (S-potentials), monophasic axon initial segment potentials, and biphasic somatodendritic potentials. All three types have been well characterized previously in the cat and macaque LGN and are recognized to be different electrical events in the same cell (Hubel and Wiesel, 1961;Bishop et al, 1962;Lee et al, 1983;Kaplan and Shapley, 1984;Wang et al, 1985). Using templates of 1.5-2 ms duration, we found that the potentials occurred as three waveforms with different relative amplitudes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…This idea is usually cast in terms of "contribution," defined as the percentage of LGN spikes that are caused by a given ganglion cell (Levick et al, 1972). In previous single-electrode studies, it has been difficult to determine how many ganglion cells drive an LGN cell (Hubel and Wiesel, 1961;Bishop et al, 1962;Lee et al, 1983;Kaplan and Shapley, 1984;Wang et al, 1985;Mastronarde, 1987). The EPSP is often merged with the LGN spike, making it appear that many LGN spikes have no associated EPSP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From 240 extracellular electrode recordings made in the LGN of six macaques, we recorded 37 neurons with associated retinal EPSPs, recognizable as smaller, slower potentials that precede the larger LGN action potentials (Lee et al, 1983;Kaplan and Shapley, 1984;Wang et al, 1985). Figure 1 shows a typical recording of the change in spike shape and the appearance of the EPSP as the electrode approached the LGN neuron.…”

Section: Identification Of Retinal Input To Lgn Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transmission of Spike Trains at the Retinogeniculate Synapse

Sincich¹,

Adams²,

Economides³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

119

170

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Retinal spikes impinging on relay neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) generate synaptic potentials, which sometimes produce spikes sent to visual cortex. We examined how signal transmission is regulated in the macaque LGN by recording the retinal input to a single LGN neuron while stimulating the receptive field center with a naturalistic luminance sequence. After extracting the EPSPs, which are often partially merged with spike waveforms, we found that Ͼ95% of spikes were associated with an EPSP from a single retinal ganglion cell. Each spike within a "burst" train was generated by an EPSP, indicating that LGN bursts are inherited from retinal bursts.LGN neurons rarely fired unless at least two EPSPs summated within 40 ms. This facilitation in EPSP efficacy was followed by depression. If a spike was generated by the first EPSP in a pair, it did not alter the efficacy of the second EPSP. Hence, the timing of EPSPs arising from the primary retinal driver governs synaptic efficacy and provides the basis for successful retinogeniculate transmission.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identification Of Retinal Input To Lgn Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transmission of Spike Trains at the Retinogeniculate Synapse

Sincich¹,

Adams²,

Economides³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

119

170

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the monkey, the S-potential is most often attributed to originating from a single retinal ganglion cell. The S-potential receptive field matches the eccentricity and polarity of the simultaneously monitored LGN neuron, its interspike interval distribution matches that of a single retinal ganglion cell, and when S-potentials are observed, the initial slope of nearly all LGN spikes matches the initial slope of the observed S-potential (Lee et al, 1983;Kaplan and Shapley, 1984;Sincich et al, 2007). Interspike interval match is critical; the presence of an S-potential from a second retinal ganglion would yield many intervals < 1 ms (cf.…”

Section: Amplification/integration Of Retinal Signalsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The monkey might be more manageable than the cat in achieving better gaze control and longer sessions (more data), but recording S-potentials in the monkey is more difficult than in the cat (cf. Lee et al, 1983). Experiments would be valuable in either species.…”

Section: The Lgn Is Not a Simple Relaymentioning

confidence: 99%

The multifunctional lateral geniculate nucleus

Weyand

2016

Reviews in the Neurosciences

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AbstractProviding the critical link between the retina and visual cortex, the well-studied lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) has stood out as a structure in search of a function exceeding the mundane ‘relay’. For many mammals, it is structurally impressive: Exquisite lamination, sophisticated microcircuits, and blending of multiple inputs suggest some fundamental transform. This impression is bolstered by the fact that numerically, the retina accounts for a small fraction of its input. Despite such promise, the extent to which an LGN neuron separates itself from its retinal brethren has proven difficult to appreciate. Here, I argue that whereas retinogeniculate coupling is strong, what occurs in the LGN is judicious pruning of a retinal drive by nonretinal inputs. These nonretinal inputs reshape a receptive field that under the right conditions departs significantly from its retinal drive, even if transiently. I first review design features of the LGN and follow with evidence for 10 putative functions. Only two of these tend to surface in textbooks: parsing retinal axons by eye and functional group and gating by state. Among the remaining putative functions, implementation of the principle of graceful degradation and temporal decorrelation are at least as interesting but much less promoted. The retina solves formidable problems imposed by physics to yield multiple efficient and sensitive representations of the world. The LGN applies context, increasing content, and gates several of these representations. Even if the basic concentric receptive field remains, information transmitted for each LGN spike relative to each retinal spike is measurably increased.

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Anatomy of macaque fovea and spatial densities of neurons in foveal representation

Schein

1988

J of Comparative Neurology

185

142

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Fine visual sampling in the macaque depends on the high density of cone outer and inner segments in the fovea. Cone pedicles, at the opposite, presynaptic end of the cone, are absent from the center of the fovea. Both ends of the cones, inner segments and pedicles, are closely packed within their respective monolayers, but the spatial density of foveal pedicles is lower because foveal pedicles are wider than inner segments. Because there is one pedicle for every inner segment, and because pedicles are wider than inner segments, increase in eccentricity finds increasing lateral displacement of the cone's pedicle from its inner segment. Further increase of eccentricity finds inner segment density falling below pedicle density, and so this lateral displacement declines. By 2-3 mm from the center, inner segments catch up with pedicles. Additional lateral displacements, of bipolar cells from pedicles and ganglion from bipolar cells, are largest for central-most elements and fall steeply with eccentricity. By taking into account all of these lateral displacements, the eccentricity of the cone inner segment(s) associated with a ganglion cell was determined, as was the area of inner segments represented by a unit area in the ganglion cell layer. Then raw ganglion cell densities were transformed to densities comparable to densities of inner segments and of cells in dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. On average there appears to be close to 2 ganglion cells for each cone in the central fovea out to about 2.5 degrees. Thus, the density of foveal ganglion cells is sufficient to allow each red and each green cone to connect to 2 midget ganglion cells, and each blue cone to connect to 1 ganglion cell. Furthermore, there appears to be a single dorsal lateral geniculate cell for each ganglion cell.

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Linear signal transmission from prepotentials to cells in the macaque lateral geniculate nucleus

Cited by 57 publications

References 21 publications

Transmission of Spike Trains at the Retinogeniculate Synapse

Transmission of Spike Trains at the Retinogeniculate Synapse

The multifunctional lateral geniculate nucleus

Anatomy of macaque fovea and spatial densities of neurons in foveal representation

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