Linearity across spatial frequency in object recognition

Olds, Elizabeth S.; Engel, Stephen A.

doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00393-3

Cited by 45 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…One might argue that this finding is not directly relevant to the present work because Sanocki (2001) defined local and global somewhat differently than did Olds and Engel (1998), Schyns and Oliva (1994), and the present work-Sanocki used feature size rather than spatial frequency. However, the empirical work of Sanocki and others is not the only basis for reserving judgment about the implications of the Olds and Engel (1998) and of the present Experiment-1 results.…”

Section: Experiments 2: Primingmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…In the second, we provide a more stringent test of an independence theory by investigating temporal rather than spatial relations between HSF and LSF components. Olds and Engel (1998) Experiment 1 was designed to replicate and extend Olds and Engel's (1998) Experiment-1 findings. Our experiment differs from theirs in three ways.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We return to this topic and describe the rationale for this repositioning in our General Discussion. Olds and Engel (1998) investigated acquisition of HSF and LSF information in several experiments involving identification of pictures of common objects. The pictures were of three types.…”

Section: Present Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All three picture types were shown at exposure durations ranging from 17 to 100 ms, followed by a noise mask, and observers attempted to identify the objects depicted by them. Olds and Engel (1998) tested whether performance (percentage of correct identification) for intact pictures could be accounted for by an independence theory. To do so, they fit to their data a theory called the sensory response-information acquisition (SRIA) theory, which is an instance of what we have defined to be an independence theory: The order of spatial-frequency components does not matter, and the spatial-frequency components combine additively.…”

Section: Present Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SRIA theory fit Olds and Engel's data essentially perfectly, thereby confirming that an independence theory is sufficient to account for data issuing from spatial-frequency mixtures in this task. Olds and Engel (1998) appeared to view this result as inharmonious with Schyns and Oliva's (1994) data, citing the latter as an example of data that "support the idea that responses to components at different scales combine non-linearly over the time-course of object recognition" (p. 2109) and going on to characterize this result, along with those of Sanocki (1993), as implying "that the value of high spatial-frequency component depends on the amount of low spatial-frequency information that has already been processed" (p. 2010). Below, we take issue with this conclusion and argue that Schyns and Oliva's data, although inconsistent with independence theories, do not imply an interactive theory.…”

Section: Present Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Different Spatial-Frequency Components Contribute to Visual Information Acquisition.

Loftus

Harley

2004

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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We test 3 theories of global and local scene information acquisition, defining global and local in terms of spatial frequencies. By independence theories, high-and low-spatial-frequency information are acquired over the same time course and combine additively. By global-precedence theories, global information acquisition precedes local information acquisition, but they combine additively. By interactive theories, global information also affects local-information acquisition rate. We report 2 digit-recall experiments. In the 1st, we confirmed independence theories. In the 2nd, we disconfirmed both independence theories and interactive theories, leaving global-precedence theories as the remaining alternative. We show that a specific global-precedence theory quantitatively accounted for Experiments 1-2 data as well as for past data. We discuss how their spatial-frequency definition of spatial scale comports with definitions used by others, and we consider the suggestion by P. G. Schyns and colleagues (e.g., D. J. Morrison & Schyns, 2001) that the visual system may act flexibly rather than rigidly in its use of spatial scales.Since the time of Neisser's (1967) classic Cognitive Psychology, visual scenes have been conceptualized as being decomposable into global and local information: Global information corresponds to overall scene structure, whereas local information corresponds to fine details (see Morrison & Schyns, 2001, pp. 454 -456, for a summary). This article is about the relations between global information and local information-the relative time courses over which they are acquired and the means by which they combine into an overall perception of the scene. Spatial-Frequency InformationGlobal and local information can be operationalized in many ways. One of them is in terms of spatial frequencies. From the visual system's perspective, the world is made up of different spatial frequencies. An example is provided in Figure 1, the top of which shows a typical real-world scene. The two bottom panels show the same picture filtered to pass only the low spatial frequencies (LSFs; bottom left) or high spatial frequencies (HSFs; bottom right). It is evident that the two spatial-frequency components carry different kinds of information that accord well with the general conceptualization of global information and local information: The bottom left Figure-1 picture carries a global representation of the scene, whereas the bottom right picture conveys information about edges and details, such as the writing on the dollar bill. There is indeed ample evidence that the visual system decomposes the visual scene into separate spatial-frequency components (Blakemore & Campbell, 1969;Campbell & Robson, 1968;De Valois & De Valois, 1980, 1988Graham, 1989;Olzak & Thomas, 1986). Accordingly, a correspondence between global-local on the one hand and LSF-HSF on the other has been hypothesized by numerous investigators (e.g., Hughes, Nozawa, & Ketterle, 1996;Schyns & Oliva, 1994), and we shall use it in the remainder of this article....

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Section: Experiments 2: Primingmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Present Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Present Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Present Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

How Different Spatial-Frequency Components Contribute to Visual Information Acquisition.

Loftus

Harley

2004

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Analysis, Interpretation, and Visual Presentation of Experimental Data

Loftus

2002

Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology

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This chapter has two main purposes: the first is to discuss serious problems with two generally accepted and widely used foundations of current statistical analysis in psychology, the linear model and null hypothesis significance testing; the second purpose is to describe some alternative valuable techniques. The alternatives are grouped into six categories: (1) use of sophisticated pictorial and graphical techniques for data display, (2) use of confidence intervals in numerous situations, (3) use of planned comparisons, emphasizing contrasts , (4) use of percent total variance accounted for, (5) representation of theoretical fits to data, and (6) use of equivalence techniques to investigate interactions. Detailed hypothetical numerical examples along with associated calculations and graphs are constructed to illustrate each of the techniques.

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Object imagery and object identification: object imagers are better at identifying spatially-filtered visual objects

et al. 2008

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Object imagery refers to the ability to construct pictorial images of objects. Individuals with high object imagery (high-OI) produce more vivid mental images than individuals with low object imagery (low-OI), and they encode and process both mental images and visual stimuli in a more global and holistic way. In the present study, we investigated whether and how level of object imagery may affect the way in which individuals identify visual objects. High-OI and low-OI participants were asked to perform a visual identification task with spatially-filtered pictures of real objects. Each picture was presented at nine levels of filtering, starting from the most blurred (level 1: only low spatial frequencies--global configuration) and gradually adding high spatial frequencies up to the complete version (level 9: global configuration plus local and internal details). Our data showed that high-OI participants identified stimuli at a lower level of filtering than participants with low-OI, indicating that they were better able than low-OI participants to identify visual objects at lower spatial frequencies. Implications of the results and future developments are discussed.

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Linearity across spatial frequency in object recognition

Cited by 45 publications

References 19 publications

How Different Spatial-Frequency Components Contribute to Visual Information Acquisition.

How Different Spatial-Frequency Components Contribute to Visual Information Acquisition.

Analysis, Interpretation, and Visual Presentation of Experimental Data

Object imagery and object identification: object imagers are better at identifying spatially-filtered visual objects

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