Linearity in the response of photopolymers as optical recording media

Gallego, Sergi; Guardiola, Francisco Javier Martínez; Riquelme, Marina; Fernández, Roberto Fernández; Pascual, Inmaculada

doi:10.1364/oe.21.010995

Cited by 18 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…One such material, polyvinylalcohol/acrylamide (PVA/AA) [5][6][7][8], has received considerable attention. In these materials, grating formation occurs primarily as a consequence of photopolymerization and mass transport processes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Two diffusion photopolymer for sharp diffractive optical elements recording

et al. 2015

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Photopolymers as recording media are widely used in optical applications. In such materials, changes in the phase of the transmittance function are generated during exposure due to refractive index and thickness modulations. These changes arise primarily as a consequence of photopolymerization and mass transport processes. Characterizing polymers' performance, for example, quantifying the value of monomer diffusion, is therefore very important. Applying index matching, the volume and surface optical effect are separated in an acrylamide/polyvinylalcohol (AA/PVA) material. Using a simplified model that includes the effects of the holes produced during polymerization, both hole and monomer diffusion are analyzed. The analysis presented indicates higher material sensitivity than previously estimated. The results also indicate the possibility of recording sharper diffractive optical elements profiles, like blazed gratings, having diffraction efficiencies higher than 80%.

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confidence: 99%

Two diffusion photopolymer for sharp diffractive optical elements recording

et al. 2015

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“…These simulations has been compared with the initial model [13][14][15] witch obviates the above effects to quantify how they affect the final result of the diffraction efficiency (DE). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous works, the parameters involved on the diffractive phase image formation has been determined [10][11][12] in a simple model that predicts the surface variations and refractive index distribution in PVA materials using different kind of monomers with their different polymerization rates and diffusion velocities [13][14][15]. The simplicity of this model resides in the reduction of many parameters involved in the process of grating formation in photopolymers like the nonlocal effects [16], kinetics parameters [17] and dye influence [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the set-up on the recording of diffractive optical elements into photopolymers

et al. 2014

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Photopolymers are often used as a base of holographic memories displays. Recently the capacity of photopolymers to record diffractive optical elements (DOE's) has been demonstrated. To fabricate diffractive optical elements we use a hybrid setup that is composed by three different parts: LCD, optical system and the recording material. The DOE pattern is introduced by a liquid crystal display (LCD) working in the amplitude only mode to work as a master to project optically the DOE onto the recording material. The main advantage of this display is that permit us modify the DOE automatically, we use the electronics of the video projector to send the voltage to the pixels of the LCD. The LCD is used in the amplitude-mostly modulation regime by proper orientation of the external polarizers (P); then the pattern is imaged onto the material with an increased spatial frequency (a demagnifying factor of 2) by the optical system. The use of the LCD allows us to change DOE recorded in the photopolymer without moving any mechanical part of the set-up. A diaphragm is placed in the focal plane of the relay lens so as to eliminate the diffraction orders produced by the pixelation of the LCD. It can be expected that the final pattern imaged onto the recording material will be low filtered due to the finite aperture of the imaging system and especially due to the filtering process produced by the diaphragm. In this work we analyze the effect of the visibility achieved with the LCD and the high frequency cut-off due to the diaphragm in the final DOE recorded into the photopolymer. To simulate the recording we have used the fitted values parameters obtained for PVA/AA based photopolymers and the 3 dimensional models presented in previous works.

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“…The other experience proposed is based on the recording of low frequency DOEs such as sinusoidal gratings, binary gratings or blazed gratings [15][16][17]. The set-up used is represented in Figure 3.…”

Section: Figure 2 Fringe Pattern Captured By the Ccd Camera For Diffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metrology Experiments to Understand Wave Phase and Diffractive Concepts

Fernández¹,

Guardiola²,

Ortuño³

et al. 2017

EDULEARN Proceedings

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The concept of phase, introduced on the study of the Diffractive Optical Elements (DOEs), presents slight understanding difficulties by the students. The phase DOEs are obtained by variations of the thickness or the refractive index of the recording medium, as opposition to the amplitude DOEs, which are obtained by the modulation of the absorption of the recording medium.It is presented some experiences to introduce the phase concept by means of thickness and refractive index variation, using photopolymers as the phase recording media. These experiences consist in a zero-spatial frequency limit analysis based on a reflection and transmission interferometer and the recording of different types of low spatial frequency DOEs, such as sinusoidal gratings or blazed gratings, generated using a Spatial Light modulator (SLM) to modulate the recording beam. With these experiments, it is possible to measure and observe on real time the thickness and refractive index variations of the material and compare the diffraction efficiencies (DEs) of different types of grating.The experiences proposed are suitable for the students of different subjects such as "Optical fundamental for Engineering", basic subject included in the second course for obtaining a Telecommunication Degree, for "Photonics and Optoelectronic devices", mandatory subject taught during the second year of Telecommunication master or the optative subject "Acquisition and Optical Treatment of Images" from the Master in robotics-automatic all taught at the University of Alicante. In all cases, the experiences are not only very useful to introduce the concepts to study, but also are useful also to introduce the students into the work of a research laboratory and some of the equipment and procedures that are used on it.

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Linearity in the response of photopolymers as optical recording media

Cited by 18 publications

References 39 publications

Two diffusion photopolymer for sharp diffractive optical elements recording

Two diffusion photopolymer for sharp diffractive optical elements recording

Influence of the set-up on the recording of diffractive optical elements into photopolymers

Metrology Experiments to Understand Wave Phase and Diffractive Concepts

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