Linezolid for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis in children: A review and recommendations

Garcia-Prats, Anthony J; Pc, Rose; Hesseling, Anneke C.; Schaaf, H. Simon

doi:10.1016/j.tube.2013.10.003

Cited by 54 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 95 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Surgery is considered in some situations, although good success with medical management alone has been reported in children. 48 In view of the genotypic and phenotypic evidence of resistance to isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide, the child’s improvement on standard first-line tuberculosis treatment in this report was attributed to monotherapy with ethambutol. Reports from the early 1960s suggested that adult patients with tuberculosis receiving monotherapy with ethambutol showed an initial bacteriological (but not radiological) improvement, followed by treatment failure because of the development of drug resistance.…”

Section: Review and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…52,53 Linezolid was included because it has been shown to be highly effective in adults with refractory XDR tuberculosis 54 and was well tolerated in a series describing treatment of 18 children with drug-resistant tuberculosis. 48 Finally, clofazimine was included on the basis of evidence suggesting efficacy in treating drug-resistant tuberculosis. 55 In view of the high minimum inhibitory concentration for ethionamide (2·5 µg/mL), and challenges in achieving sufficient serum concentrations in young children (maximum serum concentration [C max ] ≥5 µg/mL), 56 ethionamide was not included.…”

Section: Review and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in a young child after travel to India

Salazar-Austin

Ordoñez

Hsu

et al. 2015

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, but little is known about XDR tuberculosis in young children. In this Grand Round we describe a 2-year-old child from the USA who developed pneumonia after a 3 month visit to India. Symptoms resolved with empirical first-line tuberculosis treatment; however, a XDR strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis grew in culture. In the absence of clinical or microbiological markers, low-radiation exposure pulmonary CT imaging was used to monitor treatment response, and guide an individualised drug regimen. Management was complicated by delays in diagnosis, uncertainties about drug selection, and a scarcity of child-friendly formulations. Treatment has been successful so far, and the child is in remission. This report of XDR tuberculosis in a young child in the USA highlights the risks of acquiring drug-resistant tuberculosis overseas, and the unique challenges in management of tuberculosis in this susceptible population.

show abstract

Section: Review and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Review and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in a young child after travel to India

Salazar-Austin

Ordoñez

Hsu

et al. 2015

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The most common side effects are diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and thrombocytopenia. Linezolid is used in children to treat infections, mainly those caused by resistant Gram-positive organisms or drug-resistant tuberculosis [23][24][25][26]. Linezolid can cause lactic acidosis in a small proportion of patients [27].…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug-induced acid-base disorders

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The incidence of acid-base disorders (ABDs) is high, especially in hospitalized patients. ABDs are often indicators for severe systemic disorders. In everyday clinical practice, analysis of ABDs must be performed in a standardized manner. Highly sensitive diagnostic tools to distinguish the various ABDs include the anion gap and the serum osmolar gap. Drug-induced ABDs can be classified into five different categories in terms of their pathophysiology: (1) metabolic acidosis caused by acid overload, which may occur through accumulation of acids by endogenous (e.g., lactic acidosis by biguanides, propofol-related syndrome) or exogenous (e.g., glycol-dependant drugs, such as diazepam or salicylates) mechanisms or by decreased renal acid excretion (e.g., distal renal tubular acidosis by amphotericin B, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, vitamin D); (2) base loss: proximal renal tubular acidosis by drugs (e.g., ifosfamide, aminoglycosides, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, antiretrovirals, oxaliplatin or cisplatin) in the context of Fanconi syndrome; (3) alkalosis resulting from acid and/or chloride loss by renal (e.g., diuretics, penicillins, aminoglycosides) or extrarenal (e.g., laxative drugs) mechanisms; (4) exogenous bicarbonate loads: milk-alkali syndrome, overshoot alkalosis after bicarbonate therapy or citrate administration; and (5) respiratory acidosis or alkalosis resulting from drug-induced depression of the respiratory center or neuromuscular impairment (e.g

show abstract

“…5 In general, adverse effects are reported less in linezolid treated children than adults, possibly due to reduced susceptibility of children to mitochondrial toxicity, and fewer cases of long-term treatment. 9,16 The exact mechanism of thrombocytopenia is unknown, but an immune-mediated phenomenon has been proposed. 6 Data from clinical trials suggest that myelosuppression is associated with longterm therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linezolid-related adverse effects in clinical practice in children

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction:Linezolid may cause adverse effects such as thrombocytopenia, which were found to be dependent on receiving linezolid for longer than 2 weeks. There are limited studies concerning the safety and timing of linezolidrelated adverse effects in children. Objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of adverse effects associated with linezolid, with especially focusing on the time of occurrence. Population and Methods: All children (≤18 years of age) who received ≥3 days of linezolid therapy were included in this study. Adverse effects attributed to linezolid and time of occurrence of side effects was evaluated.

show abstract

Linezolid for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis in children: A review and recommendations

Cited by 54 publications

References 95 publications

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in a young child after travel to India

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in a young child after travel to India

Drug-induced acid-base disorders

Linezolid-related adverse effects in clinical practice in children

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About