Lingual BDNF and NT-3 mRNA expression patterns and their relation to innervation in the human tongue: Similarities and differences compared with rodents

Nosrat, Irina V.; Lindskog, Sven; Seiger, Åke; Nosrat, Christopher A.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(20000207)417:2<133::aid-cne1>3.0.co;2-i

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The pan-neuronal marker PGP 9.5 has been used as a reliable marker for gustatory and olfactory chemosensory cells and their central projections (see, for example, Kjaer and Fischer Hansen 1996;Nakajima et al 1998;Nosrat et al 2000;Witt and Reutter 1998). However, the occurrence of PGP 9.5 in individual VNE cells is rather exceptional (Takami et al 1993;Yamamoto 2001).…”

Section: The Vomeronasal Epithelium In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the chemosensory nature of the vomeronasal epithelium in adult humans

Witt

Georgiewa

Knecht

et al. 2002

Histochem Cell Biol

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In contrast to many lower vertebrates, the vomeronasal epithelium (VNE) in humans has long been regarded as absent or functionally irrelevant. For example, the neural connection between the VNE and the accessory olfactory bulb has been reported to degenerate during the second half of pregnancy and its presence has not been demonstrated in adults. Further, reports on the organ's occurrence in adult humans have been contradictory. The aims of this study were to collect immunohistochemical data on the neurogenic or epithelial character of the VNE [for example, with antibodies against protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), olfactory marker protein (OMP), beta-tubulin, and cytokeratin], determine its proliferative capacity (for example, proliferating cell nuclear antigen), as well as to examine the differentiation activity of VNE cells and their interactions with extracellular matrix components (for example, hyaluronan receptor CD44, galectins, and caveolin). To this end, we studied the vomeronasal organs (VNOs) of 22 human cadavers, three adult biopsies, one embryo (week 8) and one fetus (week 13) by means of immunohistochemistry. The histology of the VNE appeared extremely heterogeneous. There were sections of stratified, respiratory, and typical "pseudostratified" vomeronasal epithelia consisting of slender bipolar cells. Mostly negative immunohistochemical results for OMP indicated that the human VNE does not function like the mature olfactory epithelium. In addition, the investigations did not support the hypothesis that neural connections between the VNE and central brain structures might be present. On the other hand, the presence of some bipolar cells positive for both PGP 9.5 and soybean lectin (SBA) pointed to a neuron-like activity of a small subset of VNE cells. Proliferation antigens located in the nuclei of basally located cells of the VNE were not regularly expressed. However, positive reactions for CD44 demonstrated a high activity of VNE cells in terms of differentiation and migration. Some bipolar cells showed immunoreactivity for caveolin indicating its possible role in signal transduction and differentiation. In summary, the reaction patterns of most antibodies in the adult human VNE are different from those obtained in the olfactory epithelium and the VNO of the rat. However, the VNE shows a specific pattern of activity unique to the mucosa of the nasal cavity. Considering the histologically well differentiated epithelium and its steady maintenance, the VNE of the adult human appears to be a highly differentiated structure the function of which remains unclear.

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Section: The Vomeronasal Epithelium In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the chemosensory nature of the vomeronasal epithelium in adult humans

Witt

Georgiewa

Knecht

et al. 2002

Histochem Cell Biol

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“…Several lines of evidence suggest that initial stages of papillae and taste bud development are nerve-independent (Fritzsch et al 1997; Barlow and Northcutt 1998;Northcutt and Barlow 1998). Taste bud progenitors have been suggested to be present even before innervation (Nosrat 1998;Nosrat et al 2000), and without innervation, papillae and taste buds atrophy (Hosley et al 1987;Guagliardo and Hill 2007). By definition, a functional taste bud requires innervation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gustatory papillae and taste bud development and maintenance in the absence of TrkB ligands BDNF and NT-4

Ito

Nosrat

2009

Cell Tissue Res

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Taste buds and the peripheral nerves innervating them are two important components of the peripheral gustatory system. They require appropriate connections for the taste system to function. Neurotrophic factors play crucial roles in the innervation of peripheral sensory organs and tissues. Both brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) null-mutated and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) null-mutated mice exhibit peripheral gustatory deficits. BDNF and NT-4 bind to a common high affinity tyrosine kinase receptor, TrkB (NTRK-2), and a common p75 neurotrophin receptor (NGFR). We are currently using a transgenic mouse model to study peripheral taste system development and innervation in the absence of both TrkB ligands. We show that taste cell progenitors express taste cell markers during early stages of taste bud development in both BDNF(-/-)xNT-4(-/-) and wild-type mice. At early embryonic stages, taste bud progenitors express Troma-1, Shh, and Sox2 in all mice. At later stages, lack of innervation becomes a prominent feature in BDNF(-/-)xNT-4(-/-) mice leading to a decreasing number of fungiform papillae and morphologically degenerating taste cells. A total loss of vallate taste cells also occurs in postnatal transgenic mice. Our data indicate an initial independence but a later permissive and essential role for innervation in taste bud development and maintenance.

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“…Das Überleben und Aussprossen der Epithelzellen hängt nicht nur vom trophischen Effekt des BDNF ab [55], da homozygote BDNF-Knockout-Mäuse (BD-NF−/−) außerhalb des Kolons normale viszerale Epithelien und glatte Muskelschichten aufweisen. BDNF wird im Zungenepithel besonders in den Geschmacksrezeptoren gebildet und retrograd axonal in die Ganglien nodosum und petrosum transportiert [73]. Die viszeroafferenten Ganglien bei den homozygoten BDNFKnockout-Mäusen wiesen deutlich weniger sensorische Neurone auf.…”

Section: Vorkommen Von Bdnfunclassified

“…Neben der neurotrophischen Funktion wirkt BDNF regulierend auf das Essverhalten, wie Tierversuche gezeigt haben, in denen BDNF die Nahrungsaufnahme erhöhte und das Trinkverhalten reduzierte [62]. Die Wirkung von BDNF könnte über die Geschmacksnerven der Zunge vermittelt werden [73], indem es das Essverhalten und die Essgeschwindigkeit moduliert. Erniedrigte BDNF-Spiegel bei essgestörten Patienten mit Anorexie oder Bulimie könnten somit vielfältig deren Essverhalten beeinflussen.…”

Section: Bdnf Bei Essstörungenunclassified

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

Laske

Eschweiler

2006

Nervenarzt

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family and plays an important role in neuronal survival and plasticity in the CNS. The proform of BDNF (pro-BDNF) is secreted and cleaved extracellularly by the serine protease plasmin to mature BDNF, which potentiates synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation. Recent findings in animal models suggest an involvement of BDNF and its genetic functional single nucleotide polymorphism in the pathogenesis of different psychiatric diseases including depression, mania, schizophrenia, eating disorders, dementia, and Huntington's disease. In the brain and serum, BDNF is modulated by different factors. It is downregulated by stress and upregulated by learning processes, several antidepressive treatments, physical activity, and dietary restriction. Measurement of BDNF serum concentrations may be of diagnostic value. Additionally, the influence of different strategies for BDNF allocation seems to be relevant for the treatment and prevention of the above psychiatric disorders.

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Lingual BDNF and NT-3 mRNA expression patterns and their relation to innervation in the human tongue: Similarities and differences compared with rodents

Cited by 37 publications

References 48 publications

On the chemosensory nature of the vomeronasal epithelium in adult humans

On the chemosensory nature of the vomeronasal epithelium in adult humans

Gustatory papillae and taste bud development and maintenance in the absence of TrkB ligands BDNF and NT-4

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

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