Linguistic Ability in Early Life and Cognitive Function and Alzheimer's Disease in Late Life

Snowdon, David A.

doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530310034029

Cited by 651 publications

(282 citation statements)

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“…The recall of less than four met our criteria for dementia [8]. A score below five (1.5 standard deviations below the age-appropriate mean [17]) was consistent with mild cognitive impairment.…”

Section: Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The design of this longitudinal study has been described in detail [7][8][9]. From 1991 to 1993, all members of the School Sisters of Notre Dame in the United States who were 75 years or older were invited to join the Nun Study.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants in the Nun Study are Catholic sisters of the School Sisters of Notre Dame religious congregation and have had relatively comparable lifestyles and environments throughout their adult lives [8]. Although their unique characteristics may limit generalisability of findings, these same factors also increase the comparability of participants and minimise confounding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Healthy ageing in the Nun Study: definition and neuropathologic correlates

et al. 2007

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Background although the concept of healthy ageing has stimulated considerable interest, no generally accepted definition has been developed nor has its biological basis been determined. Objective to develop a definition of healthy ageing and investigate its association with longevity and neuropathology. Methods analyses were based on cognitive, physical, and post-mortem assessments from 1991 to 1998 in the Nun Study, a longitudinal study of ageing in participants 75+ years at baseline. We defined three mutually exclusive levels of healthy ageing (excellent, very good, and good) based on measures of global cognitive function, short-term memory, basic and instrumental activities of daily living, and self-rated function. Mortality analyses were based on 636 participants; neuropathologic analyses were restricted to 221 who had died and were autopsied. Results only 11% of those meeting criteria for the excellent level of healthy ageing at baseline subsequently died, compared with 24% for the very good, 39% for the good, and 60% for the remaining participants. Survival curves showed significantly greater longevity with higher levels of healthy ageing. The risk of not attaining healthy ageing, adjusted for age, increased two-fold in participants with brain infarcts alone, six-fold in those with Alzheimer neuropathology alone, and more than thirteen-fold in those with both brain infarcts and Alzheimer neuropathology. Conclusions the biological validity of our definition of healthy ageing is supported by its strong association with mortality and longevity. Avoiding Alzheimer and stroke neuropathology is critical to the maintenance of healthy ageing, and the presence of both pathologies dramatically decreases the likelihood of healthy ageing.

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Section: Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Healthy ageing in the Nun Study: definition and neuropathologic correlates

et al. 2007

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“…B. mit IQ-Tests gemessen), ist mit kognitiver Beeinträchtigung (Corral, Rodriguez, Amenedo, Sanchez, & Diaz, 2006) und Inzidenz der AD assoziiert (Schmand, Smit, Geerlings, & Lindeboom, 1997;Whalley et al, 2000) und sagt ADPathologie in Post-Mortem-Analysen voraus (Riley, Snowdon, Desrosiers, & Markesbery, 2005;Snowdon et al, 1996). Bildung ist ebenfalls in Längsschnittstudien mit der AD-Inzidenz assoziiert (e.g., Karp et al, 2004; und sagt die AD-Prävalenz in Querschnittstudien voraus (e.g., Mortimer, Snowdon, & Markesbery, 2003).…”

Section: Kognitive Reservekapazitätunclassified

Die Reservekapazität des Gehirns beeinflusst die kognitive Funktion im Alter: Motivationale, kognitive und körperliche Facetten

Forstmeier

Maercker

2009

Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie

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Die Reservekapazität des Gehirns ist seine Fähigkeit, neuropathologische Veränderungen so zu tolerieren, dass ihre klinische Manifestation hinausgezögert wird. Diese Studie untersucht, inwiefern frühere motivationale („motivationale Reserve“), kognitive und körperliche Fähigkeiten bzw. Aktivitäten unabhängige Prädiktoren einer leichten kognitiven Beeinträchtigung im Alter sind. Eine Stichprobe von 147 nicht-dementen Personen zwischen 60 und 94 Jahren absolvierte kognitive Tests und Fragebogen zur Berufsbiographie sowie früheren körperlichen Aktivitäten. Frühere motivationale und kognitive Fähigkeiten wurden auf der Basis des Hauptberufs unter Anwendung der Datenbank des Occupational Information Networks (O*NET) geschätzt. Die früheren motivationalen Fähigkeiten und die kristallisierte Intelligenz sagten ein reduziertes Risiko einer leichten kognitiven Beeinträchtigung voraus, nicht aber frühere körperliche Aktivitäten. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass insbesondere die motivationale Reservekapazität als protektiver Faktor gegen kognitive Beeinträchtigung im Alter wirkt.

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“…One of the most prominent studies to employ it is the Nun Study [4], which followed a cohort of 678 nuns, applying neurological and behavioral exams, as well as post-mortem analyses of brain pathologies. This study employed ID to analyze written narratives produced by the participants in their early adulthood, and demonstrated that ID could reliably predict the diagnosis of diseases like Alzheimer's Disease (AD) as long as 60 years before the onset of the condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Proposition Extraction from Dependency Trees: Helping Early Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease from Narratives

Cunha

Sousa

Aluísio

2015

2015 IEEE 28th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems

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Abstract-Idea Density (ID) was originally proposed as a way of measuring the memory load of narratives, by representing the underlying content of the text as a series of semantic units, called propositions or ideas. From a clinical perspective, this notion has been shown to correlate with several cognitive aspects, such as memory, readability, aging, and dementia onset and progress. Traditionally, propositions are extracted manually from texts. There is a tool that can automate ID extraction [1], but it uses shallow information as input, and doesn't produce the propositions themselves as output. We propose a novel approach to obtaining the ID automatically from a text. Our method is an automation of Chand et al.'s ID manual [2], and consists of a rule-based system acting upon dependency trees. Initially, for each sentence in a text, a dependency parser is used to elicit the dependency relations between words. Then, a set of rules is recursively applied in order to process these relations to yield the corresponding propositions. We analyze preliminary results of our system using a well-formed journalistic text, and speech transcriptions of dementia patients.

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Linguistic Ability in Early Life and Cognitive Function and Alzheimer's Disease in Late Life

Cited by 651 publications

References 0 publications

Healthy ageing in the Nun Study: definition and neuropathologic correlates

Healthy ageing in the Nun Study: definition and neuropathologic correlates

Die Reservekapazität des Gehirns beeinflusst die kognitive Funktion im Alter: Motivationale, kognitive und körperliche Facetten

Automatic Proposition Extraction from Dependency Trees: Helping Early Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease from Narratives

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