LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ Nanoplates with {010} Active Planes Exposing Prepared in Polyol Medium as a High-Performance Cathode for Li-Ion Battery

Abstract

As we know, Li(+)-ion transport in layered LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM) is through two-dimensional channels parallel to the Li(+)-ion layers that are indexed as {010} active planes. In this paper, NCM nanoplates with exposed {010} active facets are synthesized in a polyol medium (ethylene glycol) and characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM, and HR-TEM. In addition, the effects of reaction conditions on the morphologies, structures and electrochemical performances are also evaluated. The results show that more {010} facets can be exposed with the thickness of NCM nanoplates increasing which can lead to more channels for Li(+)-ion migration. However, when the annealing temperatures exceed 900 °C, many new crystal planes grow along the thickness direction covering the {010} facets. In all of the NCM nanoplates obtained at different conditions, the NCM nanoplates calcined at 850 °C for 12 h (NCM-850-12H) display a high initial discharge capacity of 207.6 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 C (1 C = 200 mA g(-1)) between 2.5 and 4.5 V higher than most of NCM materials as cathodes for lithium ion batteries. The discharge capacities of NCM-850-12H are 169.8, 160.5, and 149.3 mAh g(-1) at 2, 5, and 7 C, respectively, illustrating the excellent rate capability. The superior electrochemical performance of NCM-850-12H cathode can be attributed to more {010} active planes exposure.

Self-assembled LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 nanosheet cathodes with tunable rate capability

“…Several recent efforts have been devoted to synthesize the NCM nanostructures with exposed {010} active facets, including hexagonal NCM nanobricks with more exposed {010} active facets via a PVP-assisted co-precipitation process [22] and NCM nanoplates synthesized in a polyol medium [23].…”

High-energy cathode materials for Li-ion batteries: A review of recent developments

“…Nano-sized materials such as nanoplates [74,75] and nanowires [76] have shorter Li + diffusion pathways and larger surface areas, which can improve the rate capability [77]. For example, Li et al [75] synthesized NCM nanoplates with exposing (010) active facets.…”

“…For example, Li et al [75] synthesized NCM nanoplates with exposing (010) active facets. The discharge capacities of NCM-850-12H are 207.6, 178.1, 169.8, 160.5 and 149.3 mAh g −1 at 0.1, 1, 2, 5 and 7 C between 2.5 and 4.5 V, and the capacity retention at 0.1 C is 89.4% after 50 cycles.…”

Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 Synthesized Using Li2CO3 as Template

“…[7] Among them, the layered compounds Li[Ni x Co yMn 1−x−y ]O 2 are extremely competitive by comprehensively considering the safety, low-cost, and electrochemical behavior. In particular, Li [8,9] based on the characteristics of high specific capacity and excellent structure stability. [10][11][12] However, the studies on improving the electrochemical performance of LNCM are not stopping.…”