LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 hollow nano-micro hierarchical microspheres with enhanced performances as cathodes for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

hollow nano-micro hierarchical microspheres (NCM-HS) are synthesized using MnCO 3 both as a self-template and Mn source. The hollow microspheres with diameters of about 1 mm have walls about 250 nm thick, which are composed of approximately 100 nm primary nanoparticles. NCM-HS cathodes have an initial discharge capacity of 212 mA h g À1 at 0.1 C between 2.5 and 4.5 V. After 40 charge-discharge cycles, the capacity retention at 0.1 C is 85.1%. At higher rates, the reversible capacities of the NCM-HS cathodes are 208.9 (0.5 C), 204.8 (1 C), 180.7 (2 C), 155.7 (5 C) and 135.9 mA h g À1 (10 C). The high performances can be attributed to the distinctive hollow microspherical structures with the 100 nm building blocks, which could effectively reduce the path of Li ion diffusion, increase the contact area between electrodes and electrolyte and buffer the volume changes during the Li ion intercalation/deintercalation processes. † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: SEM images and XRD proles of MnCO 3 and MnO 2 microspheres, XPS prole of NCM-HS, SEM image of NCM-bulk, one more TEM image of NCM-HS, the rst ve cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves of NCM-HS cathode. See

Nanotechnology for environmentally sustainable electromobility

“…Nanosynthesis through precipitation and co-precipitation requires energy for heating treatments 28 , such as drying and calcination 29 . Calcination temperatures of 500-800 °C for 12 hours under N2 or argon flow is required for the crystalline LFP powders 28 , but higher temperatures have also been reoported 45,46 . Sol-gel is a long established industrial process for producing nanoparticles 27 and is often used for the preparation of metal oxides 28 .…”

Hollow and hierarchical Na2Li2Ti6O14 microspheres with high electrochemical performance as anode material for lithium-ion battery

“…Furthermore, thanks to the hollow structures, the electrode materials are more tolerant to the stresses and strains induced by repeated insertion and extraction of lithium. The tolerance of the volume is of great importance for the improvement of the cycling performance [30].…”

Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 Synthesized Using Li2CO3 as Template

“…[29] Figure 6 illustrates that the peak splits of (006)/(102) and (018)/(110) of LNCM-P are much clearer than that of LNCM-C, certifying that the material of LNCM-P has a better layered structure.…”

“…The LNCM-P exhibits a higher discharge capacity but a lower coulombic efficiency, this larger irreversible capacity loss during the first cycle may be associated with the larger area of surface electrolyte interphase (SEI) film than that of LNCM-C. A large specific surface area means a large contact aera between the NCM particles and the electrolyte. [24,29] Figure 8 presents the C-rate specific capacity performance of the two samples. As can be seen from the Figure 8, the capacities of LNCM-P are much higher than those of LNCM-C at all current densities.…”