Link layer measurements in sensor networks

Reijers, Niels; Halkes, G. P.; Langendoen, Koen

doi:10.1109/mahss.2004.1392161

Cited by 83 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…1, in the AOMDV routing table on the basis of the increase: 1) Pheromone: Used to reflect the changes in pheromones and the calculation of the selection probability. 2) Link quality: This algorithm uses LQI (Link Quality Indicator) [8] link quality indicator as the basis for measuring the quality of the link. LQI can be obtained directly from the structure after receiving the data.…”

Section: The Algorithm Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A ZigBee multipath routing algorithm based on ant colony algorithm

Wu¹,

Li²,

Jia³

2017

2017 2nd International Conference on Mechatronics and Information Technology (ICMIT 2017)

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There are many problem in moving process of wirless sensor network such as packet loss and link failures.This paper proposed a ZigBee multipath routing protocol Ant-AOMDVjr based on ant colony algorithm after the deep research of ant colony algorithm,AODVjr algorithm and AOMDV routing algorithm. Ant-AOMDVjr combines the advantages of ant colony algorithm,AODVjr and AOMDV,considers the link quality, routing hops and node energy into the router discovery and router maintenance.Simulation based on NS2 software indicates that the packet delay and end-to-end transmission delay is improved compared with AODVjr and AOMDV algorithm.

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Section: The Algorithm Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A ZigBee multipath routing algorithm based on ant colony algorithm

Wu¹,

Li²,

Jia³

2017

2017 2nd International Conference on Mechatronics and Information Technology (ICMIT 2017)

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“…We will discuss processing delays in relation to our results later. As for interference, ideally the SNR model of Reijer et al [31] should be used. However since the model takes into consideration all nodes in the network other than the sender for every transmission, it demands far greater computational resources than what is required of the conventional, circular model that only considers all nodes in the radio range of the sender.…”

Section: Simulation and Evaluation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for the gray area effect, so far there is still no comprehensive theoretical model for simulating it. All in all, these are some of the many simplifications that are conventionally applied in simulations, as is the case that simulated radio ranges are circular/spherical by convention -a departure from actual measurements [31].…”

Section: Simulation and Evaluation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-efficient link-layer jamming attacks against wireless sensor network MAC protocols

Law

Palaniswami

Hoesel

et al. 2009

ACM Trans. Sen. Netw.

144

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A typical wireless sensor node has little protection against radio jamming. The situation becomes worse if energyefficient jamming can be achieved by exploiting knowledge of the data link layer. Encrypting the packets may help prevent the jammer from taking actions based on the content of the packets, but the temporal arrangement of the packets induced by the nature of the protocol might unravel patterns that the jammer can take advantage of even when the packets are encrypted. By looking at the packet interarrival times in three representative MAC protocols, S-MAC, LMAC and B-MAC, we derive several jamming attacks that allow the jammer to jam S-MAC, LMAC and B-MAC energy-efficiently. The jamming attacks are based on realistic assumptions. The algorithms are described in detail and simulated. The effectiveness and efficiency of the attacks are examined. Careful analysis of other protocols belonging to the respective categories of S-MAC, LMAC and B-MAC reveal that those protocols are, to some extent, also susceptible to our attacks. The result of this investigation provides new insights into the security considerations of MAC protocols.

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“…Moreover, multichannel MAC protocols especially designed for WSNs have been recently presented [7,307]. There exist several practical experiments to test the link layer characteristics of WSNs for single-frequency systems [205,304,306]. Kurth et al [160] and Mishra et al [194], have presented experiments and observations about the behavior of IEEE 802.11b-compliant, multi-frequency systems for wireless mesh networks.…”

Section: Experimentation Of Multi-channel Interferencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, one packet may be corrupted while the other is received correctly. One possible explanation of this observation is that signal strength is not isotropic, so it varies on different directions [205,306]. When the transmitter is closer than the jammer, in most of the cases there is no interference at the receivers.…”

Section: Experimentation Of Multi-channel Interferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-channel wireless sensor networks : protocols, design and evaluation

Durmaz¹

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Pervasive systems, which are described as networked embedded systems integrated with everyday environments, are considered to have the potential to change our daily lives by creating smart surroundings and by their ubiquity, just as the Internet. In the last decade, "Wireless Sensor Networks" have appeared as one of the real-world examples of pervasive systems by combining automated sensing, embedded computing and wireless networking into tiny embedded devices.A wireless sensor network typically comprises a large number of spatially distributed, tiny, battery-operated, embedded sensor devices that are networked to cooperatively collect, process, and deliver data about a phenomenon that is of interest to the users. Traditionally, wireless sensor networks have been used for monitoring applications based on low-rate data collection with low periods of operation. Current wireless sensor networks are considered to support more complex operations ranging from target tracking to health care which require efficient and timely collection of large amounts of data. Considering the low-bandwidth, low-power operation of the radios on the sensor devices, interference and contention over the wireless medium and the energy-efficiency requirements due to the battery-operated devices, fulfilling the mentioned data-collection requirements in complex applications becomes a challenging task.This thesis focuses on the efficient delivery of large amounts of data in bandwidth-limited wireless sensor networks by making use of the multi-channel capability of the sensor radios and by using optimal routing topologies. We start with experimenting the operation of the sensor radios to characterize the behavior of multi-channel communication. We propose a set of algorithms to increase the throughput and timely delivery of the data and analyze the bounds on the data collection capacity of the wireless sensor networks. The main contributions of the thesis are listed as follows:• Contribution 1 -Characteristics, challenges and the use of multi-channel communication in wireless ad hoc networks and wireless sensor networks: We review the state of the art channel assignment protocols in wireless multi-hop networks, particularly in wireless ad hoc networks and wireless sensor networks. We classify the existing solutions according to the number of transceivers required per node and according to the dynamics of the channel assignment. Since the channel assignment methods designed for general wireless ad hoc networks may not be directly applicable to wireless sensor networks, we give brief comparisons of them and discuss the additional challenges and requirements for wireless sensor networks.• Contribution 2 -Characterization of multi-channel interference: The assumption of perfectly orthogonal, interference-free channels, which is adopted in most of the multi-channel communication studies, may fail in practice. Radio signals are not limited to their allocated frequency band, but cause interference in adjacent bands as well -how much depends on...

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Link layer measurements in sensor networks

Cited by 83 publications

References 5 publications

A ZigBee multipath routing algorithm based on ant colony algorithm

A ZigBee multipath routing algorithm based on ant colony algorithm

Energy-efficient link-layer jamming attacks against wireless sensor network MAC protocols

Multi-channel wireless sensor networks : protocols, design and evaluation

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