Linkage between copepods and bacteria in the North Atlantic Ocean

Corte, Daniele De; Lekunberri, Itziar; Sintes, Eva; García, Juan A. L.; González, Solange J; Herndl, Gerhard J.

doi:10.3354/ame01696

Cited by 35 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Other more indirect methods by which the host provides nutrients include sloppy feeding or host excretions wherein nutrients leaked by the host are absorbed by epibiotic bacteria (109-111). Host movement across chemical gradients present in habitats such as vent plumes and anoxic sediments can also provide chemoautotrophic symbionts with predictable access to essential inorganic compounds that would otherwise be difficult to obtain (36). Another important role that hosts can play is as refuge from environmental stressors and open ocean environments that are not permissive to certain bacteria such as strict anaerobes (13,14,112,113).…”

Section: Impacts Of Animal Host Association On Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrothermal vent shrimp also depend on symbiotic chemosynthetic bacteria as a nutritional source in this system by feeding directly on their epibionts and other free-living bacteria (36). In other environments, invertebrates can rely on obligate symbioses to provide the necessary nutrients that are lacking in their unique food sources (12).…”

Section: Microbial Contributions To Animal Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another important role that hosts can play is as refuge from environmental stressors and open ocean environments that are not permissive to certain bacteria such as strict anaerobes (13,14,112,113). As a whole, host-associated bacteria often demonstrate increased growth rates (36,114), productivity (115), and fitness (116) relative to their free-living counterparts.…”

Section: Impacts Of Animal Host Association On Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attachment to motile organisms (118) or hosts extensively dispersed by ocean currents (119) permits widespread dispersal of "hitchhiking" bacteria to otherwise unattainable new environments. Animal hosts can also serve as inocula to free-living microbial communities due to the periodic release of the host-associated symbionts into the natural environment (36,88). In hydrothermal vent systems, this constant release of symbionts into the environment enables these bacterial species to dominate the freeliving community and outcompete other bacterial species for resources (36).…”

Section: Impacts Of Animal Host Association On Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animal hosts can also serve as inocula to free-living microbial communities due to the periodic release of the host-associated symbionts into the natural environment (36,88). In hydrothermal vent systems, this constant release of symbionts into the environment enables these bacterial species to dominate the freeliving community and outcompete other bacterial species for resources (36). Attachment to hosts such as zooplankton may also enhance persistence of bacteria by triggering a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state, which is thought to enhance bacterial survival during unfavorable environmental conditions such as dramatic shifts in salinity and temperature (14,(120)(121)(122).…”

Section: Impacts Of Animal Host Association On Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions between calanoid copepod hosts and their associated microbiota

Almada¹

2015

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Zooplankton, such as copepods, are highly abundant environmental reservoirs of many bacterial pathogens. Although copepods are known to support diverse and productive bacterial communities, little is understood about whether copepods are affected by bacterial attachment and whether they can regulate these associations through mechanisms such as the innate immune response. This thesis investigates the potential role that copepod physiology may play in regulating Vibrio association and the community structure of its microbiome. To this end, the intrinsic ability of oceanic copepod hosts to transcriptionally respond to mild stressors was first investigated. Specifically, the transcriptional regulation of several heat shock proteins (Hsps), a highly conserved superfamily of molecular chaperones, in the copepod Calanus finmarchicus was examined and demonstrated that Hsps are a conserved element of the copepod's transcriptional response to stressful conditions and diapause regulation. To then investigate whether copepod hosts respond to and regulate their microbiota, the transcriptomic response of an estuarine copepod Eurytemora affinis to two distinct Vibrio species, a free-living strain (V. ordalii 12B09) and a zooplankton specialist (V. sp. F10 9ZB36), was examined with RNA-Seq. Our findings provide evidence that the copepod E. affinis does distinctly recognize and respond to colonizing vibrios via transcriptional regulation of innate immune response elements and transcripts involved in maintaining cuticle integrity. Our work also suggests that association with E. affinis can significantly impact the physiology of Vibrio colonists. Finally, the interindividual variability of the C. finmarchicus microbiome was examined to identify how specifically and predictably bacterial communities assemble on copepods and whether host physiology influences the bacterial community structure. Our findings suggest that copepods have a predictable "core microbiome" that persists throughout the host's entrance into diapause, a dormancy period characterized by dramatic physiological changes in the host. However, diapausing and active populations harbor distinct flexible microbiomes which may be driven by factors such including the copepod's feeding history, body size, and bacterial interactions. This thesis work highlights the role of copepods as dynamic reservoirs of diverse bacterial communities and implicates copepod host physiology as an important contributor to the activity, abundance, and community structure of its microbiome.

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Section: Impacts Of Animal Host Association On Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microbial Contributions To Animal Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impacts Of Animal Host Association On Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impacts Of Animal Host Association On Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impacts Of Animal Host Association On Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Interactions between calanoid copepod hosts and their associated microbiota

Almada¹

2015

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Feeding strategy and dietary preference shape the microbiome of epipelagic copepods in a warm nutrient‐impoverished ecosystem

et al. 2022

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Copepods provide a rich organic microenvironment allowing the settlement and proliferation of microorganisms, forming dynamic microbial hotspots in the oceans. Such symbiotic associations in the plankton were previously hypothesized to be especially developed in warm oligotrophic seas, as they may serve as alternative sources of nutrients in biologically poor waters. Aiming to better understand how copepod microbiomes are shaped in an oligotrophic sea, we characterized microbiota associated with three dominant coastal epipelagic copepod species in the ultra‐oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean Sea using amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Our results show that copepod‐associated microbial communities were host‐specific rather than determined by seasonal environmental changes. In the filter‐feeding copepod with a tendency to herbivory, Temora stylifera, microbial diversity was low and relatively stable throughout the year. In contrast, omnivorous copepods, the ambush‐feeding Oithona nana, and the mixed‐feeding Centropages ponticus harbored more diverse microbiomes dominated by transient taxa. We suggest that filter‐feeding strategy and narrow food spectrum can limit copepod–microbe interactions, while the ambush and mixed feeding strategies combined with omnivory confer higher microbial diversity. Filter feeders may reduce the recruitment of opportunistic microbes by maintaining high fidelity associations, as indicated by the large number of core taxa in T. stylifera. We underline the importance of the copepod–microbe associations in nutrient‐impoverished ecosystems, based on predicted enrichment of nitrogen metabolism in the core microbiome, mostly during summer when the shallow coastal waters are nitrogen‐depleted.

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