Linkages between submarine groundwater systems and the environment

Zhang, Jing; Mandal, Ajit K.

doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2012.03.006

Cited by 48 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Nearly all SGD studies indicate that SGD is a significant source of nutrients to coastal ecosystems however, the ecological impact of these nutrients on these systems remains poorly understood [4]. Biological metrics that have been previously included in SGD studies are often associated with phytoplankton [82, 83], which are subject to movement via currents, unlike the sessile benthic macrobiota used in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the effects of terrestrial runoff on marine ecosystems have been characterized widely [2, 3], relatively little is known about the interaction between submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and nearshore marine communities. It is clear that SGD is a significant source of N to the sea regardless of the level of human impact on the adjacent land [4–7]; this is particularly true for tropical, oligotrophic regions [8–11]. In areas where the nutrient concentration of coastal groundwater (CGW) has been increased by anthropogenic activities, nutrient loading to coastal waters via SGD has been associated with macroalgal blooms and shifts in the composition of biological communities [12–15], harmful algal (phytoplankton) blooms [16–18], and eutrophication [5, 19] in coastal ecosystems worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Submarine Groundwater Discharge on Marine Water Quality and Reef Biota of Maui

et al. 2016

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Generally unseen and infrequently measured, submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) can transport potentially large loads of nutrients and other land-based contaminants to coastal ecosystems. To examine this linkage we employed algal bioassays, benthic community analysis, and geochemical methods to examine water quality and community parameters of nearshore reefs adjacent to a variety of potential, land-based nutrient sources on Maui. Three common reef algae, Acanthophora spicifera, Hypnea musciformis, and Ulva spp. were collected and/or deployed at six locations with SGD. Algal tissue nitrogen (N) parameters (δ15N, N %, and C:N) were compared with nutrient and δ15N-nitrate values of coastal groundwater and nearshore surface water at all locations. Benthic community composition was estimated for ten 10-m transects per location. Reefs adjacent to sugarcane farms had the greatest abundance of macroalgae, low species diversity, and the highest concentrations of N in algal tissues, coastal groundwater, and marine surface waters compared to locations with low anthropogenic impact. Based on δ15N values of algal tissues, we estimate ca. 0.31 km2 of Kahului Bay is impacted by effluent injected underground at the Kahului Wastewater Reclamation Facility (WRF); this region is barren of corals and almost entirely dominated by colonial zoanthids. Significant correlations among parameters of algal tissue N with adjacent surface and coastal groundwater N indicate that these bioassays provided a useful measure of nutrient source and loading. A conceptual model that uses Ulva spp. tissue δ15N and N % to identify potential N source(s) and relative N loading is proposed for Hawaiʻi. These results indicate that SGD can be a significant transport pathway for land-based nutrients with important biogeochemical and ecological implications in tropical, oceanic islands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Submarine Groundwater Discharge on Marine Water Quality and Reef Biota of Maui

et al. 2016

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“…The groundwater flows down a gradient, and SGD occurs wherever a coastal aquifer is connected to the sea (Chen et al, 2005;Zhang and Mandal, 2012). SGD has been recognized as not only an important source of freshwater discharge into the ocean, but also a valuable component of the hydrological cycle between the terrestrial groundwater system and the marine environment (Church, 1996;Taniguchi et al, 2002;Hatta and Zhang, 2013;Liu et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variations of groundwater tables and implications for submarine groundwater discharge: a 3-decade case study in central Japan

Zhang

et al. 2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Fresh submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is the key pathway of flux and nutrients for the groundwater from land to the ocean. SGD flux is a current issue of discussion and a means to clarify the coastal marine system under climate change. SGD flux accounts for about one-quarter of the river runoff in the Katakai alluvial fan in Uozu, Toyama, Japan, which is an ideal area to study SGD flux considering the need for a rapid response to climate change and the prior research on SGD there. In this paper, the monthly groundwater table's condition over 30 years is analyzed using monthly rainfall, snowfall, and the climate change index. Rainfall has been on an upward trend, but the snowfall has decreased over 40 years. Furthermore, the groundwater table at monitoring wells in the coastal area increased, as a result of the increased rainfall. However, the relationship between snowfall and groundwater is negative. As expected by Darcy's law, SGD flux was controlled by the hydraulic gradient of the coastal groundwater. The estimated historic SGD flux by groundwater table variation shows an upward trend of SGD. Considering the increase in precipitation and the groundwater table, SGD flux may increase under climate change.

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“…Although riverine inputs are commonly known as the main source of solutes (e.g., Jickells, ; Meybeck, ), SGD can also add a significant amount of solutes/nutrients to the marine ecosystems (Paytan et al, ; Slomp & Van Cappellen, ; Zhang & Mandal, ). Together with surface water input, SGD‐derived nutrient flux to the Bay of Bengal has a significant influence on solute cycling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Bay of Bengal receives a huge amount of freshwater influx in the form of riverine input per year with an average of~1.5 × 10 12 m 3 from major river bodies, namely, Irrawaddy, Brahmaputra, Ganges, and Godavari (Gomes, Goes, & Saino, 2000). Although riverine inputs are commonly known as the main source of solutes (e.g., Jickells, 1998;Meybeck, 1982), SGD can also add a significant amount of solutes/nutrients to the marine ecosystems (Paytan et al, 2006;Slomp & Van Cappellen, 2004;Zhang & Mandal, 2012). Together with surface water input, SGD-derived nutrient flux to the Bay of Bengal has a significant influence on solute cycling.…”

Section: Relative Contribution Of Submarine Groundwater Discharge Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of tidally influenced seasonal nutrient flux to the Bay of Bengal and its implications on the coastal ecosystem

Debnath

Mukherjee

Das

2018

Hydrological Processes

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Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) introduces solute and nutrients to the global oceans, resulting in considerable nutrient cycling and dynamics in the coastal areas. We have conducted high‐resolution, spatio‐temporal, lunar tidal cycle patterns and variability of discharged solute/nutrient assessment to get an overview of seasonal nutrient flux to the Bay of Bengal in eastern parts of the Indian subcontinent. Whereas the premonsoon season SGD was found to be dominant in the marine influence (M‐SGD), the postmonsoon season was found to be predominated by the terrestrial component of SGD (T‐SGD), extending from coast to near offshore. The solute fluxes and redox transformation were found to be extensively influenced by tidal and diurnal cycles, overlapping on seasonal patterns. We have assessed the possible role of SGD‐associated solute/nutrient fluxes and their discharge mechanisms, and their associated temporal distributions have severe implications on the biological productivity of the Bay of Bengal. The estimated annual solute fluxes, using the average end‐member concentration of the SGD‐associated nutrients, were found to be 240 and 224 mM·m−2·day−1 for NO3− and Fetot, respectively. Together with huge freshwater flux from the Himalayan and Peninsular Indian rivers, the SGD has considerable influence on the bay water circulation, stratification, and solute cycling. Thus, the observation from this study implies that SGD‐associated nutrient flux to the Bay of Bengal may function as a nutrient sink, which might influence the long‐term solute/nutrient flux along the eastern coast of India.

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Linkages between submarine groundwater systems and the environment

Cited by 48 publications

References 64 publications

Impact of Submarine Groundwater Discharge on Marine Water Quality and Reef Biota of Maui

Impact of Submarine Groundwater Discharge on Marine Water Quality and Reef Biota of Maui

Temporal variations of groundwater tables and implications for submarine groundwater discharge: a 3-decade case study in central Japan

Characterization of tidally influenced seasonal nutrient flux to the Bay of Bengal and its implications on the coastal ecosystem

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