Linking between contamination of environmental water and Salmonella foodborne illness: A Review

doi:10.37506/ijphrd.v12i1.13870

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 63 publications

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“…In recent years, prevalence in foodborne illnesses caused by pathogens, such as E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella , Listeria monocytogenes , and Campylobacter , have affected large populations, causing up to 420,000 deaths yearly, of which 30% are associated with children under five years old [ 1 , 2 ]. Drinking water wells used in many parts of the world are also a major source of bacterial contamination [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Norovirus is a leading cause of epidemic and endemic acute gastroenteritis worldwide, affecting children particularly [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction System for Point-of-Care Medical Diagnosis

Kadja

Liu

Sun

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Global health crises due to the prevailing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have placed significant strain on health care facilities such as hospitals and clinics around the world. Further, foodborne and waterborne diseases are not only spreading faster, but also appear to be emerging more rapidly than ever before and are able to circumvent conventional control measures. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) system is a well-known diagnostic tool for many applications in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food and water quality assessment. Here, we describe the design, development, and testing of a portable, low-cost, and real-time PCR system that can be used in emergency health crises and resource-poor situations. The described PCR system incorporates real-time reaction monitoring using fluorescence as an alternative to gel electrophoresis for reaction analysis, further decreasing the need of multiple reagents, reducing sample testing cost, and reducing sample analysis time. The bill of materials cost of the described system is approximately $340. The described PCR system utilizes a novel progressive selective proportional–integral–derivative controller that helps in reducing sample analysis time. In addition, the system employs a novel primer-based approach to quantify the initial target amplicon concentration, making it well-suited for food and water quality assessment. The developed PCR system performed DNA amplification at a level and speed comparable to larger and more expensive commercial table-top systems. The fluorescence detection sensitivity was also tested to be at the same level as commercially available multi-mode optical readers, thus making the PCR system an attractive solution for medical point-of-care and food and water quality assessment.

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