Linking Child Autism to Parental Depression and Anxiety: The Mediating Roles of Enacted and Felt Stigma

Chan, Kevin Ka Shing; Leung, Donald Chi Kin

doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04557-6

Cited by 39 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Stigma is largely caused by defective social interaction in autistic children and further worsened by repetitive behaviours in severe forms of ASD. [ 15 ] Among Arabic-speaking communities, stigma was one of the most prominent theme for parents in dealing with ASD children. [ 16 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The moderating effect of financial stress and autism severity on development of depression among parents and caregivers of Autistic children in Taif, Saudi Arabia

Alshahrani

Algashmari

2021

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

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Background: Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common problem in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. However, little research explored the extent of anxiety and depressive disorders in parents of children with ASD. Method: Descriptive questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey of a sample of parents of children with ASD who attended Prince Mohammed Bin Salman Autistic Centre, Ministry of defense, Taif city. Results: The study included ( n = 50) parents. The prevalence of mild depression was 30%, whereas the prevalence of moderately severe depression was 68%. Increased ASD severity level was associated with a significant impact on the PHQ-9 total score (level II was 1.293 times level I to have an increased PHQ-9 score, and level III was 1.530 times level I to have an increased PHQ-9 score). Economic status did not significantly alter depressive symptoms. Discussion and Conclusion: ASD diagnosis in Saudi children is associated with high parental depressive prevalence. However, this result could be bidirectional. Stigma, future-related worry, and stress could mediate parental depressive symptoms. Our findings in Saudi parents of children with ASD corroborate the established association between parental depressive symptoms and ASD severity. Our results corroborated previous findings that neither parental gender nor child gender exert any substantial effect on predictability of depressive symptoms among parents of children with ASD. Comprehensive therapeutic packages for children with ASD should include treatment of emotional problems arising out of carer burden among their parents. Screening for parental emotional problems should be routine in autism treatment facilities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The moderating effect of financial stress and autism severity on development of depression among parents and caregivers of Autistic children in Taif, Saudi Arabia

Alshahrani

Algashmari

2021

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

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“…Parenting an individual with autism entails families experiencing increased levels of stress and anxiety (Hastings and Brown, 2002 ; Little, 2002 ; Hastings, 2003 ; Hastings et al, 2005 ; Lee, 2009 ; Dabrowska and Pisula, 2010 ; Gau et al, 2012 ; Chan and Leung, 2021 ). Prior research has identified various risk and protective factors during the process of psychological adaptation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symptom severity has been identified as a risk factor in caring for persons with autism (Benson and Karlof, 2009;Ekas and Whitman, 2010). The frequency with which children manifest symptoms linked to an ASD also contributes to parents' negative psychological outcomes such as stress (Bravo, 2005;Konstantareas and Papageorgiou, 2006;Pozo and Sarriá, 2014;Nieto et al, 2017) and anxiety (Firth and Dryer, 2013;Chan and Leung, 2021). In fact, in most family adaptation models (McCubbin and Patterson, 1983;Patterson, 1988;Seligman and Darling, 2007), child characteristics including disorder severity have been positively associated with heightened stress and anxiety levels among parents (Bebko et al, 1987;Konstantareas and Homatidis, 1989;Bravo, 2005;Chan et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Distress, Disorder Severity, and Perception of Positive Contributions in Couples Raising Individuals With Autism

et al. 2021

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Parents' perception of the positive contributions associated with raising children with autism is considered to be a protective factor in the process of psychological adaptation. Thus, it is essential to unveil what factors are related to this perception. We explore how parents' psychological distress (parental stress and anxiety) predicts the perception of positive contributions in fathers and mothers who raise individuals with different levels of autism severity. The sample comprises 135 couples (270 fathers and mothers) parenting individuals diagnosed with autism aged 3–38 years. Participants completed different self-report questionnaires, including measures of parental stress, anxiety, and positive contributions. To estimate the actor–partner interdependence model, data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore transactional effects between fathers' and mothers' psychological distress and their perceptions of positive contributions associated with autism. Two separate multigroup models were tested, respectively, analyzing parental stress and anxiety. Each multigroup model considers two levels of disorder severity. The findings revealed that actor and partner effects of stress and anxiety were important predictors of the perception of positive contributions in both disorder severity groups. We conclude that it is necessary to develop family support programs that focus on controlling fathers' and mothers' stress and anxiety symptoms, as these mental states negatively impact the ability to perceive positive contributions.

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“…In general, the group of female patients with self-stigma is higher than male patients whereas female patients who are still single have a higher self-stigma compared to female patients who are married (Komatsu, et al, 2020). In comparison, parents of individuals with self-stigma also experience the problem of self-stigma if their children are constantly discriminated against by society because self-stigma stems from the individual's internal communication towards self and subsequently form negative thoughts about self whose effects are more harmful than stigma resulting from prejudiced public perceptions (Chan & Leung, 2021). For this reason, health communication campaigns today have shifted from disseminating information and education in general to social marketing techniques by focusing on efforts to change individuals behaviors (Lefebvre, et al, 2020).…”

Section: ) Circular Communication Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

I Need Your Love: Self-Stigma And Classification Of Communication Patterns Required By Breast Cancer Patients

Jamil¹,

Bolong²,

Osman³

et al. 2022

IJARBSS

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Cancer patients desperately require supports from their partners or family members for survival. Various forms of supports either explicitly or implicitly are anxiously needed by them, especially in terms of communication supports to reduce the implications of negative selfstigma faced by them. This article aims to discuss the classification of appropriate communication patterns practiced by spouses and family members of these patients. Researchers suggest that there are four classifications of communication patterns that can be implemented to communicate with breast cancer patients, such as primary communication pattern, secondary communication pattern, linear communication pattern and circular communication pattern. Researchers discovered that these four communication patterns can be practiced by spouses and families of cancer patients to help them control and cope with emotions during treatment.

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Linking Child Autism to Parental Depression and Anxiety: The Mediating Roles of Enacted and Felt Stigma

Cited by 39 publications

References 52 publications

The moderating effect of financial stress and autism severity on development of depression among parents and caregivers of Autistic children in Taif, Saudi Arabia

The moderating effect of financial stress and autism severity on development of depression among parents and caregivers of Autistic children in Taif, Saudi Arabia

Psychological Distress, Disorder Severity, and Perception of Positive Contributions in Couples Raising Individuals With Autism

I Need Your Love: Self-Stigma And Classification Of Communication Patterns Required By Breast Cancer Patients

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