Linking criminal justice-involved individuals to HIV, Hepatitis C, and opioid use disorder prevention and treatment services upon release to the community: Progress, gaps, and future directions

Taweh, Noor; Schlossberg, Esther; Frank, Cynthia; Nijhawan, Ank E.; Kuo, Irene; Knight, Kevin; Springer, Sandra A.

doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103283

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…A network of transitional care clinics is an important resource for formerly incarcerated adults, although connecting individuals leaving prison with these clinics remains a challenge. 47 Transitional care interventions, including case management and peer navigation, offer promising strategies 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 that warrant investigation regarding how to bring them to scale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Assistance With Medicaid Enrollment and Use of Health Care After Incarceration Among Adults With a History of Substance Use

et al. 2022

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IMPORTANCEThe transition from prison to community is characterized by elevated morbidity and mortality, particularly owing to drug overdose. However, most formerly incarcerated adults with substance use disorders do not use any health care, including treatment for substance use disorders, during the initial months after incarceration. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether a prerelease Medicaid enrollment assistance program is associated with increased health care use within 30 days after release from prison. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis retrospective cohort study included 16 307 adults aged 19 to 64 years with a history of substance use who were released from state prison between

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Assistance With Medicaid Enrollment and Use of Health Care After Incarceration Among Adults With a History of Substance Use

et al. 2022

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“…Additional outcomes will examine broader community health care impacts including other health services accessed, expanded opioid use disorder (OUD)/SUD services [ 43 ], and common barriers (e.g., stigma) to service access across the community provider spectrum. Given the growing concern regarding overdose and injection-related HIV risk behaviors [ 1 , 15 , 44 – 48 ] an examination of people who inject substances will focus on gaining insight into participant and social context (inner and outer) factors associated with the effectiveness outcomes.…”

Section: Study Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our PNs will be individuals that ideally have “shared living experiences” (e.g., HIV or history of SUD treatment) with participants and will help them overcome barriers to accessing and engaging in quality care [ 15 ]. We will work with our community partners to assure that our PNs are integrated as members of the community health care teams.…”

Section: Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evaluation of interventions to improve linkage to and receipt of HIV prevention and treatment services as well as SUD treatments are urgently needed for justice-involved populations. Two models of care, Peer/Patient Navigation (PN) and Mobile Health Units (MHUs), have been shown individually to have some success in engaging persons in substance use and HIV related care; however, there have been few evaluations comparing these models with respect to prevention, testing, and treatment of HIV, HCV, and substance use among justice-involved persons [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial comparing two linkage models for HIV prevention and treatment in justice-involved persons

et al. 2022

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Background Persons involved in the justice system are at high risk for HIV and drug overdose upon release to the community. This manuscript describes a randomized controlled trial of two evidence-based linkage interventions for provision of HIV prevention and treatment and substance use disorder (SUD) services in four high risk communities to assess which is more effective at addressing these needs upon reentry to the community from the justice system. Methods This is a 5-year hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation randomized controlled trial that compares two models (Patient Navigation [PN] or Mobile Health Unit [MHU] service delivery) of linking justice-involved individuals to the continuum of community-based HIV and SUD prevention and treatment service cascades of care. A total of 864 justice-involved individuals in four US communities with pre-arrest histories of opioid and/or stimulant use who are living with or at-risk of HIV will be randomized to receive either: (a) PN, wherein patient navigators will link study participants to community-based service providers; or (b) services delivered via an MHU, wherein study participants will be provided integrated HIV prevention/ treatment services and SUD services. The six-month post-release intervention will focus on access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for those without HIV and antiretroviral treatment (ART) for people living with HIV (PLH). Secondary outcomes will examine the continuum of PrEP and HIV care, including: HIV viral load, PrEP/ ART adherence; HIV risk behaviors; HCV testing and linkage to treatment; and sexually transmitted infection incidence and treatment. Additionally, opioid and other substance use disorder diagnoses, prescription, receipt, and retention on medication for opioid use disorder; opioid and stimulant use; and overdose will also be assessed. Primary implementation outcomes include feasibility, acceptability, sustainability, and costs required to implement and sustain the approaches as well as to scale-up in additional communities. Discussion Results from this project will help inform future methods of delivery of prevention, testing, and treatment of HIV, HCV, substance use disorders (particularly for opioids and stimulants), and sexually transmitted infections for justice-involved individuals in the community. Trial registration: Clincialtrials.gov NCT05286879 March 18, 2022.

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“…One strength of the study by Burns and colleagues 3 is that it evaluates an intervention that occurred owing to a policy change and while people were still incarcerated, in contrast to many prior studies, which have evaluated postrelease interventions. 4 As Burns et al 3 2) policy makers to address gaps in care for people being released from prison. These are areas where conducting research is often more complex than in community settings but is nevertheless necessary to establish an evidence base to guide practice.…”

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confidence: 99%

Medicaid Enrollment Assistance for People Released From Prison—One Step on a Long Road

Jack

2022

JAMA Netw Open

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More than 1.2 million people, disproportionately racial and ethnic minority individuals, are incarcerated in US prisons. More people are being released from prisons and jails because of the risk of COVID-19 1 alongside calls for decarceration from the Black Lives Matter movement. Given the dramatically increased risk of death immediately after release, primarily from opioid overdose, 2 there is an urgent need to understand how to best support the growing population of released individuals in the transition to community-based health care.Burns and colleagues 3 address this prison-to-community transition. They examine the association between Medicaid enrollment assistance prior to release and health care use in the 30 days after release from prison among people in Wisconsin with probable substance use disorder (SUD). Using a retrospective cohort design, the authors compare Medicaid-reimbursed health care between people released prior to and those released after the Wisconsin Department of Corrections implemented prerelease Medicaid enrollment assistance. They found that people who had Medicaid enrollment assistance were more likely to attend any outpatient visit, opioid use disorder (OUD) visit, and general SUD visit or to have an inpatient hospitalization within 30 days of release. They saw no difference in use of the emergency department. Overall access to care, however, remained low, particularly for SUD services. Among those released after the implementation of enrollment assistance, only 24.4% attended any outpatient visit, 3.8% attended an SUD-associated visit, and 0.7% received medication for OUD (MOUD), such as buprenorphine or methadone. This timely and well-designed study from Burns et al 3 shows us that Medicaid enrollment assistance may be necessary, but is not sufficient, for supporting people releasing from prison to link with community-based health care services. Further work is needed to develop and scale interventions that facilitate access to community care and examine whether access improves health outcomes and reduces postrelease mortality. As Burns et al 3 have done with their focus on health

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Linking criminal justice-involved individuals to HIV, Hepatitis C, and opioid use disorder prevention and treatment services upon release to the community: Progress, gaps, and future directions

Cited by 17 publications

References 94 publications

Association Between Assistance With Medicaid Enrollment and Use of Health Care After Incarceration Among Adults With a History of Substance Use

Association Between Assistance With Medicaid Enrollment and Use of Health Care After Incarceration Among Adults With a History of Substance Use

Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial comparing two linkage models for HIV prevention and treatment in justice-involved persons

Medicaid Enrollment Assistance for People Released From Prison—One Step on a Long Road

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