Linking Ecosystem Service Supply–Demand Risks and Regional Spatial Management in the Yihe River Basin, Central China

Abstract

The continuous supply of ecosystem services is the foundation of the sustainable development of human society. The identification of the supply–demand relationships and risks of ecosystem services is of considerable importance to the management of regional ecosystems and the effective allocation of resources. This paper took the Yihe River Basin as the research area and selected water yield, carbon sequestration, food production, and soil conservation to assess changes in the supply and demand of ecosystem services and their matching status from 2000 to 2018. Risk identification and management zoning were also conducted. Results show the following: (1) The spatial distribution of the four ecosystems service supply and demand in the Yihe River Basin was mismatched. The food production supply levels in the middle and lower reaches and the upstream water yield, carbon sequestration, and soil conservation supply levels were high. However, most of the areas with high demand for ecosystem services were concentrated downstream. (2) From 2000 to 2018, the supply of water yield and carbon sequestration in the Yihe River Basin decreased, while that of food production and soil conservation increased. The demand for the four ecosystem services also increased. (3) Water yield faced considerable supply–demand risks. Fifty percent of the sub-basins were at a high-risk level, and the risk areas were concentrated in the middle and lower reaches. The three remaining services were mainly at low-risk levels. The Yihe River Basin was divided into eight types of supply–demand risk spatial management zones based on the ecosystem service supply and demand levels, which will help promote refined regional ecosystem management and sustainable development. The supply and demand assessment of ecosystem services from a risk perspective can integrate the information of natural ecosystems and socio-economic systems and provide scientific support for watershed spatial management.

Spatial Heterogeneity of Watershed Ecosystem Health and Identification of Its Influencing Factors in a Mountain–Hill–Plain Region, Henan Province, China

“…In this study, NPP is used to evaluate ecosystem vigor in the study area. The calculation of NPP in the YRB is performed by referring to the calculation of Meng et al [77] and Zhu et al [78]. In the process of NPP, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and actual light energy utilization are key variables.…”

“…The quantification methods of food production, water yield, carbon sequestration, soil conservation, and cultural services supply and demand are listed in Table 5. The calculation details of food production, water yield, carbon sequestration, soil conservation, and supply and demand can be found in Meng et al [77]. The calculation details of cultural service supply and demand can be found in Meng et al [66].…”

Identifying the Relationships between Landscape Pattern and Ecosystem Service Value from a Spatiotemporal Variation Perspective in a Mountain–Hill–Plain Region

“…The basin features numerous water storage, hydropower, and irrigation projects. The area of the basin is 6100 km 2 [52,53]. The general topography exhibits higher elevations in the southwest and lower elevations in the northeast.…”

“…within the Yihe River Basin were sourced from the Resources and Environment Science Data Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (http://www.resdc.cn accessed on 16 January 2023).The accuracy of the land use data, verified through on-site selection, exceeds 85%[52]. Socioeconomic statistical data are from the China Statistical Yearbook (http://www.stats.…”

Research progress in ecosystem management strategies based on ecosystem services trade-offs

“…(1) 增强 ES 供给 大量研究通过回归分析、冗余分析、机器学习、地理探测器等方法分析高程、降 雨、土地利用面积、人口、城镇化率等自然因子和社会因子对 ES 供给的驱动强度与方向 (增加或减少) ，然而现有研究范式将土地利用作为 ES 供给的替代，因此增强 ES 供给的 方式大多为增加或减少某种土地利用面积。Wang 等 [46] 在不同尺度上分析了供需权衡驱动 力对 ES 供给量的影响，结果表明林地对固碳、土壤保持等均有正向影响，而建筑用地、 人口数量均对这些 ES 供给有负面作用，森林砍伐和城市化加剧了 ES 供需权衡，因此提 出在供需错配地区加强天然林保护并控制城市扩张；胡昂等 [47] 研究表明，林地面积、降 水、建筑用地等自然驱动力均对成都平原水量供给、碳固存、土壤保持等 ES 的供需比产 生了影响，因此提出需改善城市下垫面蒸散能力并建设城郊森林公园；Sun 等 [48] [38] 。例如， Meng 等 [49] 提出，在沂河流域产水服务供需压力较大的区域，需要调整水价，提高民众的 节水意识，从而降低区域产水服务的需求量，缓解产水服务的供给-需求权衡；Wu 等 [50] 分析京津冀地区 ES 供需格局发现，建筑用地的无序扩张导致河北平原地区、北京和天津…”