Linking glucose oxidation to luminol-based electrochemiluminescence using bipolar electrochemistry

Eßmann, Vera; Jambrec, Daliborka; Kuhn, Alexander; Schuhmann, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2014.11.015

Cited by 40 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…BPE has, in fact, been known for a long time, but now encounters a true renewal, owing to new applications in the field of analytical science for the detection of (bio)molecules, enrichment and separation of analytes, or screening of electroactive materials . BPE also offers opportunities in materials science, because such an approach allows the direct electrochemical addressing of conducting objects in a wireless manner.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single‐Step Screening of the Potential Dependence of Metal Layer Morphologies along Bipolar Electrodes

et al. 2015

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The preparation of surface gradients is a hot topic in contemporary research. Among various physical chemistry approaches, bipolar electrochemistry allows the control of such gradients through the interfacial polarization between a conducting substrate and an electrolyte solution. Here, we report the straightforward, single‐step generation of metal composition gradients on cylindrical carbon fibers. The screening of different metal deposit morphologies, which evolve gradually along a bipolar electrode, is demonstrated with monometallic layers as well as a bimetallic composite layer based on copper and nickel.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single‐Step Screening of the Potential Dependence of Metal Layer Morphologies along Bipolar Electrodes

et al. 2015

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“…For bipolar Au electrodeposition, the nanospheres‐coated Au surface ( l =68 mm) was placed into a glass cell specifically designed for performing BPE . The electric field required for inducing the redox reactions at the BE was generated by applying a voltage of 6.6 V to the feeder electrodes (carbon rods, Ø 6 mm, distance 15 cm, SGL Carbon Ringsdorff) for 220 s with a high‐voltage potentiostat (ModuLab, Solartron Analytical, Ametek).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of Highly SERS‐Active Nanostructures from a Size Gradient of Au Nanovoids on a Single Bipolar Electrode

et al. 2015

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As surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) crucially depends on the morphology of nanostructured metal surfaces, we developed a convenient approach to produce a size gradient of truncated spherical Au nanovoids on a single bipolar electrode. The continuous potential drop in solution implies a linearly changing interfacial potential difference at the wireless electrode, leading to a linearly changing rate of Au electrodeposition. Such a structural gradient enables fast and reproducible screening for those structures, evoking high SERS intensity in a particular experiment. The optimal Au deposition potential with respect to the highest SERS amplification was determined and applied for the fabrication of highly active SERS substrates.

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“…A number of new and interesting applications of bipolar electrochemistry have recently appeared, involving small objects and surface modifications, as well as sensors and detectors . In such experiments, the object or surface (the bipolar electrode, BPE) is placed in an electrolyte and exposed to an electric field established via two feeder electrodes.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Gold Nanoparticle Size and Density Gradients via Bipolar Electrochemistry

et al. 2015

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[a] Bipolar electrochemistry is employed to demonstrate the formation of goldn anoparticle size gradients on planar surfaces. By controlling the electric field in aH AuCl 4 -containing electrolyte, gold was reduced onto 10 nm diameter particles immobilized on pre-modifiedt hiolatedb ipolar electrode (BPE) templates, resulting in larger particles towards the more cathodic direction. As the gold deposition wast he dominating cathodic reaction, the increased size of the nanoparticles also reflected the current distribution on the bipolar electrode. The size gradients werea lso combined with as econd gradient-forming technique to establish nanoparticle surfaces with orthogonal size and density gradients, resulting in aw ide range of combinations of small/large and few/many particles on as ingle bipolar electrode. Such surfaces are valuable in, for example, cellmateriali nteraction and combinatorial studies, where al arge number of conditions are probeds imultaneously.An umber of new and interesting applications of bipolar electrochemistry have recently appeared, involving small objects and surfacem odifications, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] as well as sensors and detectors. [8][9][10][11][12] In such experiments,t he object or surface (the bipolar electrode, BPE) is placed in an electrolyte and exposed to an electric field established via two feedere lectrodes. Provided the BPE is conducting and the potential difference across it is sufficiently high, anodic and cathodic reactions can be induced with part of the cell current passingt hrough the BPE. With respect to larger objectsl ike mm-or cm-sizeds urfaces, formation of compositional gradients of materials, [13] such as semiconductors, [14] polymers, [15] metals, [16] and self-assembled monolayers and proteins [6,7] have been generated. In addition, bipolar gradients related to energy conversion have been presented, [17,18] and very recently,w eh ave also shown the possibility to swiftlys creen the corrosion properties of stainless steels functioning as BPEs. [19,20] An equally versatile method to modify surface chemical and morphological properties is the irreversible deposition of nanoparticles. Nanoparticle-coateds urfaces have been used to explore biological phenomenas uch as cell adhesion [21] and improvedb iosensing, [22] as well as energy-harvesting solar devices.[23] We have previously investigated how variation of particle deposition conditions tune the self-organization of gold nanoparticles, especially the distance between them, on dithiol-modified gold surfaces [24] in order to create regular [25] and anisotropic (gradient) [26] nanoparticle arrays for cell-screening purposes.H erein we extend this work by demonstrating the use of bipolar electrochemistry to gradually increase the size of surface immobilized gold nanoparticles, and also to form two orthogonal gradients in size and density on as ingle BPE. We also discuss how the gold deposition can be linked to the BPE current density distribution during the experiment.To first demonstrate the bipolar depo...

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Linking glucose oxidation to luminol-based electrochemiluminescence using bipolar electrochemistry

Cited by 40 publications

References 31 publications

Single‐Step Screening of the Potential Dependence of Metal Layer Morphologies along Bipolar Electrodes

Single‐Step Screening of the Potential Dependence of Metal Layer Morphologies along Bipolar Electrodes

Selection of Highly SERS‐Active Nanostructures from a Size Gradient of Au Nanovoids on a Single Bipolar Electrode

Formation of Gold Nanoparticle Size and Density Gradients via Bipolar Electrochemistry

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