Linking gold mineralization to regional-scale drivers of mineral systems using in situ U–Pb geochronology and pyrite LA-ICP-MS element mapping

Fielding, Imogen O.H.; Johnson, Simon P.; Meffre, Sébastien; Zi, Jian–Wei; Sheppard, S. C.; Large, Ross R.; Rasmussen, Birger

doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2018.06.005

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Mount Olympus was initially described as an orogenic gold deposit [37], but more recently considered to be a Carlin-type deposit formed during orogenesis at 1769 Ma [38]. The deposit has a total remaining resource of 15 million tonnes (Mt) at 2.2 g/t (Northern Star Resources Limited, 2015).…”

Section: Gold Concentrated In Internal Zones Of Pyritementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence in favour of a Carlin-type origin ar; the trace element chemistry of the pyrites which closely resembles those of the Carlin deposits of Nevada, including rims that display solid solution gold accompanied by elevated As, Cu, Sb, Hg, and Tl, surrounding gold-poor cores. Although some pyrite exhibits thick diffuse rims of gold-rich arsenian pyrite ( [38]; Figure 8), most other examples ( Figure 7B) show internal gold-rich bands. The internal band shown in Figure 7B is ~10 microns thick, carrying ~70 ppm Au, 5% As and elevated Cu, Hg, Tl and Hg, very similar to the Carlin rims discussed earlier.…”

Section: Gold Concentrated In Internal Zones Of Pyritementioning

confidence: 99%

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Invisible Gold Paragenesis and Geochemistry in Pyrite from Orogenic and Sediment-Hosted Gold Deposits

Large

Масленников

2020

Minerals

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LA-ICPMS analysis of pyrite in ten gold deposits is used to determine the precise siting of invisible gold within pyrite, and thus the timing of gold introduction relative to the growth of pyrite and related orogenic events. A spectrum of invisible gold relationships in pyrite has been observed which suggests that, relative to orogenic pyrite growth, gold introduction in some deposits is early at the start of pyrite growth; in other deposits, it is late toward the end of pyrite growth and in a third case, it may be introduced at the intermediate stage of orogenic pyrite growth. In addition, we report a distinct chemical association of invisible gold in pyrite in the deposits studied. For example, in the Gold Quarry (Carlin type), Mt Olympus, Macraes and Konkera, the invisible gold is principally related to the arsenic content of pyrite. In contrast, in Kumtor and Geita Hill, the invisible gold is principally related to the tellurium content of pyrite. Other deposits (Golden Mile, Bendigo, Spanish Mountain, Witwatersrand Carbon Leader Reef (CLR)) exhibit both the Au-As and Au-Te association in pyrite. Some deposits of the Au-As association have late orogenic Au-As-rich rims on pyrite, which substantially increase the value of the ore. In contrast, deposits of the Au-Te association are not known to have Au-rich rims on pyrite but contain nano-to micro-inclusions of Au-Ag-(Pb-Bi) tellurides.solution As, known as arsenian pyrite [9,10]. Arsenic can substitute into either the Fe site or the S site in pyrite and a maximum of 8%-11% As has been reported [11][12][13]. The position of ionic gold in the structure of pyrite is still not clear, although it is assumed that ionic gold Au + substitutes for iron, entering distorted octahedral sites, whereas As substitutes for S in the tetrahedral sites [8]. Both surface speciation, and distortion-expansion of the pyrite lattice by incorporation of As are considered to be key processes in Au accumulation by arsenian pyrite [8,14].A landmark publication [4] defined a relationship between the amount of invisible solid solution gold in pyrite and its arsenic content, using a database of analyses of pyrite from several Carlin and epithermal deposits. This maximum limit of invisible gold, from pyrite formed in the temperature range of 150 to 250 • C, is approximately 100 ppm Au for 2000 ppm As, and 1000 ppm Au for 2% As, and has become known as the saturation line for Au in arsenian pyrite (Figure 1; [4]). Gold analyses of pyrite that plot above the saturation line indicate free gold as nano-to micro-inclusions in pyrite. More recent research [5] has shown that the gold saturation line is most probably controlled by a number of factors, possibly including the crystal chemistry of pyrite and fluid/rock interactions and therefore different positions of the gold saturation line may need to be defined for each gold deposit type.Minerals 2020, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 21 solution As, known as arsenian pyrite [9,10]. Arsenic can substitute into either the Fe site or the S site in pyrite a...

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Section: Gold Concentrated In Internal Zones Of Pyritementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gold Concentrated In Internal Zones Of Pyritementioning

confidence: 99%

Invisible Gold Paragenesis and Geochemistry in Pyrite from Orogenic and Sediment-Hosted Gold Deposits

Large

Масленников

2020

Minerals

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“…Gold deposits in the northern Capricorn Orogen are intimately associated with the major crustal-scale structures identified in the seismic reflection survey (Johnson et al, 2013). In particular, the Nanjilgardy and Baring Downs Faults appear to be the most important as they both extend to the mantle and show a close association with gold mineralization ( Figure. 1 and 2; Fielding et al, 2017a, 2018, 2019, under review, Johnson et al, 2013. The largest gold deposits are associated with the Nanjilgardy Fault, and include orogenic gold mineralization at the Paulsens deposit, and Carlin-like gold mineralization at the Mount Olympus deposit, both with endowments of >1 Moz (Fielding et al, 2017a(Fielding et al, , 2019.…”

Section: Gold Mineralization In the Northern Capricorn Orogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the Nanjilgardy and Baring Downs Faults appear to be the most important as they both extend to the mantle and show a close association with gold mineralization ( Figure. 1 and 2; Fielding et al, 2017a, 2018, 2019, under review, Johnson et al, 2013. The largest gold deposits are associated with the Nanjilgardy Fault, and include orogenic gold mineralization at the Paulsens deposit, and Carlin-like gold mineralization at the Mount Olympus deposit, both with endowments of >1 Moz (Fielding et al, 2017a(Fielding et al, , 2019. Numerous smaller orogenic gold deposits occur throughout the Ashburton Basin and Wyloo Inlier ( Figure 1; Seymour 1991, Thorne andTrendall 2001) and include the Belvedere (Fielding et al, 2018) and Star of the West gold deposits (Fielding et al, under review).…”

Section: Gold Mineralization In the Northern Capricorn Orogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent deep crustal seismic reflection survey across the orogen, as well as numerous other geophysical surveys, have led to a growing understanding of the relationship between the deep crustal architecture and the location and setting of the ore deposits (Johnson et al, 2013). Gold mineralization in the Capricorn Orogen shows a close spatial relationship with pre-existing crustal-scale faults that show evidence for multiple reactivation and mineralizing events (Fielding et al, 2017a, 2019, under review, Johnson et al, 2013, making it an ideal area to assess the relationship between the timing of gold mineralization, crustal architecture and the fault reactivation history.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gold metallogeny of the northern Capricorn Orogen

Fielding

Johnson

2019

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Genesis of hydrothermal gold mineralization in the Qianhe deposit, central China: Constraints from in situ sulphur isotope and trace elements of pyrite

et al. 2021

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The Qianhe gold deposit, located at Xiong'ershan in Eastern Qinling, with estimated gold reserves of 22 tons, hosts six orebodies within auriferous quartz veins and hydrothermally-altered rocks along E-W trending faults. Here we present results from an integrated study involving field investigation, ore petrology, in situ sulphur isotopes, and trace elements analysis of gold-bearing pyrite with a view to understanding the genesis of the hydrothermal gold mineralization. Three generations of pyrite are identified in the Qianhe Au deposit: Py1 is composed of coarse-grained, euhedral cubic grains occurring at the margin of stage I quartz + pyrite vein; Py2 is occurs as porous grains coexisting with other sulphide minerals in stage II quartz + polymetallic sulphide veins; and Py3 is mainly composed of anhedral grains in stage III quartz + calcite + fluorite vein. Among the three generations, Py2 has the highest contents of Au (mean = 3.5 ppm), Ag (mean = 46.0 ppm), Zn (mean = 303 ppm), and Cu (mean = 346 ppm). The distribution and concentration of these trace elements are likely to be controlled by micro/nano-inclusions in pyrite. The Co/Ni ratios range from 0.010 to 296, with most values lying between 0.1 and 10. The δ 34 S values of the various pyrite generations show a wide range between −17.9‰ and 4.5‰ with obviously higher values in Py3 (2.0‰ to 4.5‰) than those in Py1 (−16.7‰ to −13.5‰) and Py2 (−17.9‰ to −9.0‰). The negative δ 34 S values in Py1 and Py2 possibly resulted from sulphur isotope fractionation between sulphide and sulphate minerals. As sulphate minerals are absent in stage III, the slightly positive δ 34 S values in Py3 suggest a mixed source from mantle-derived material and wall rocks of the Xiong'er Group. We correlate the genesis of gold mineralization in the Qianhe deposit with the extension and lithospheric thinning during Early Cretaceous, when ore-bearing fluids channelled along fault zones induced hydrothermal alteration and Au mineralization.

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Linking gold mineralization to regional-scale drivers of mineral systems using in situ U–Pb geochronology and pyrite LA-ICP-MS element mapping

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

Invisible Gold Paragenesis and Geochemistry in Pyrite from Orogenic and Sediment-Hosted Gold Deposits

Invisible Gold Paragenesis and Geochemistry in Pyrite from Orogenic and Sediment-Hosted Gold Deposits

Gold metallogeny of the northern Capricorn Orogen

Genesis of hydrothermal gold mineralization in the Qianhe deposit, central China: Constraints from in situ sulphur isotope and trace elements of pyrite

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