Linking megathrust earthquakes to brittle deformation in a fossil accretionary complex

Dielforder, Armin; Vollstaedt, Hauke; Vennemann, Torsten; Berger, Alfons; Herwegh, Marco

doi:10.1038/ncomms8504

Cited by 41 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…and [283]) and makes it prone to act as décollement layer. [284] who studied an ancient accretionary wedge in the Swiss Alps conclude that megathrust earthquakes can trigger faulting and vein formation and shift an accretionary wedge into an unstable state; thereby coseismic bedding-parallel veins form in the outer wedge, and subsequent coseismic extensional veins in the inner wedge. A low basal friction is expected to result in a low-taper wedge based on critical-taper theory [48,49].…”

Section: Makran Accretionary Wedge Of Iran / Pakistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

Pfiffner¹

2017

Preprint

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This paper gives an overview of the large-scale tectonic styles encountered in orogens worldwide. Thin-skinned and thick-skinned tectonics represents two end member styles recognized in mountain ranges. A thick-skinned tectonic style is typical for margins of continental plates. Thick-skinned style including the entire crust and possibly the lithospheric mantle are associated with intracontinental contraction. Delamination of subducting continental crust and horizontal protrusion of upper plate crust into the opening gap occurs in the terminal stage of continent-continent collision. Continental crust thinned prior to contraction is likely to develop relatively thin thrust sheets of crystalline basement. A true thin-skinned type requires a detachment layer of sufficient thickness. Thickness of the décollement layer as well as the mechanical contrast between décollement layer and detached cover control the style of folding and thrusting within the detached cover units. In subduction related orogens, thin-and thick-skinned deformation may occur several hundreds of kilometers from the plate contact zone. Basin inversion resulting from horizontal contraction may lead to the formation of basement uplifts by the combined reactivation of pre-existing normal faults and initiation of new reverse faults. In composite orogens thick-skinned and thin-skinned structures evolve with a pattern where nappe stacking propagates outward and downward.

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Section: Makran Accretionary Wedge Of Iran / Pakistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

Pfiffner¹

2017

Preprint

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“…the use of inland geodetic observations cannot rigorously distinguish between buried ruptures and surface ruptures. Supporting observational evidences of the above-predicted features include high-angle extensional fractures accompanied by normal faulting in the down-dip portion of a paleoaccretionary wedge in central European Alps (Dielforder et al, 2015), normal-type aftershocks above the down-dip end of the northern segment of the 2010 Maule earthquake (Farías et al, 2011;Yue et al, 2014), reverse-type aftershocks beneath the down-dip end of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake rupture zone (Lui et al, 2015), and systematically asymmetric aftershock patterns across the plate interface near the downdip end of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake (Chiba et al, 2012;Hasegawa et al, 2012).…”

Section: Model Application To Dynamic Rupture and Observational Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Simple Crack Models Explain Deformation Induced by Subduction Zone Megathrust Earthquakes

Xu¹,

Fukuyama²,

Yue³

et al. 2016

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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Following the 2010 Maule and 2011 Tohoku earthquakes, many studies have examined the relation between megathrust earthquakes and subsequent deformation. Here, we apply simple models based on mode II shear cracks, including approximated effects of the free surface to study induced deformation during coseismic and early postseismic stages. We distinguish between buried and surface ruptures represented by a full-crack and a half-crack model, respectively. We adopt an analogybased approach to interpret the half-crack model from well-known results of the full-crack model, which is also validated by our numerical simulations. With transferable knowledge between the two models, we provide easy ways to understand (1) the contrasting deformation patterns in the frontal wedge of the overriding plate between buried ruptures and surface ruptures, (2) the correlation between triggered outer-rise normal faulting and surface ruptures, and (3) the similar deformation patterns for both buried and surface ruptures toward the down-dip end, with a preference for normal faulting in the overriding plate and for reverse faulting in the subducting plate. These model outcomes are consistent with several recent observations on aftershocks and veins in a paleoaccretionary wedge. We further investigate some important transient features during rupture propagation which show that a transition from compressional to extensional deformation in the frontal wedge of the overriding plate is possible even during a single rupture event. Our work provides alternative views for understanding various aspects of subduction zone megathrust earthquakes and raises the issue of important transient features that were typically ignored in previous studies.

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“…Dielforder et al (2016) estimated for convergent plate boundaries that porosity decreases from 60 to 10 % within the upper 5 km of the accretionary wedge along the prograde metamorphic gradient applying theoretical considerations (see references in Dielforder et al, 2016). Along this prograde evolution, the tectonic processes change from soft sediment deformation like particulate flow to pressure solution (Dielforder et al, 2015(Dielforder et al, , 2016. 10…”

Section: Processes Influencing Porositymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dielforder et al, 2015;Rieke and Chilingarian, 1974). The pore network defines the major fluid pathways and detailed investigation of microstructural porosity would be a key to better understand the fluid flux and circulation of fluids in collisional orogens and orogenic wedges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale porosity estimates along the pro-and retrograde deformation path: an example from Alpine slates

Akker¹,

Kaufmann²,

Desbois³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Estimating porosity of slates is of great interest for the recently rising industries dealing with the underground such as CO2 sequestration, nuclear waste disposal and shale gas but also for engineering purposes in 15 terms of mechanical stability for underground or surface constructions. In this study, we aim understanding Additionally, porosity and pore morphology are strongly dependent on mineralogy, sample homogeneity and 30 strain.

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Linking megathrust earthquakes to brittle deformation in a fossil accretionary complex

Cited by 41 publications

References 63 publications

Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

Simple Crack Models Explain Deformation Induced by Subduction Zone Megathrust Earthquakes

Multiscale porosity estimates along the pro-and retrograde deformation path: an example from Alpine slates

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