Linking PFAS partitioning behavior in sewage solids to the solid characteristics, solution chemistry, and treatment processes

Ebrahimi, Farshad; Lewis, Asa J.; Sales, Christopher M.; Suri, Rominder; McKenzie, Erica R.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129530

Cited by 54 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In addition, existing cations in wastewater may provide the required ion bridges for the sorption of negatively charged PFAS. For example, PFAS sorption to the sludge (biosolids) increased with higher cation concentrations and it was greater in the presence of divalent cations compared to monovalent cations (Ebrahimi et al 2021). This could be ascribed to electrostatic interaction between a divalent cation and the anionic PFAS head group, as well as with a negative charge on the sludge.…”

Section: The Occurrence Of Pfas In Industrial Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 98%

Occurrence and removal of poly/perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants

Barışçı

Suri

2021

Water Science and Technology

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The presence of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has caused serious problems for drinking water supplies especially at intake locations close to PFAS manufacturing facilities, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and sites where PFAS-containing firefighting foam was regularly used. Although monitoring is increasing, knowledge on PFAS occurrences particularly in municipal and industrial effluents is still relatively low. Even though the production of C8-based PFAS has been phased out, they are still being detected at many WWTPs. Emerging PFAS such as GenX and F-53B are also beginning to be reported in aquatic environments. This paper presents a broad review and discussion on the occurrence of PFAS in municipal and industrial wastewater which appear to be their main sources. Carbon adsorption and ion exchange are currently used treatment technologies for PFAS removal. However, these methods have been reported to be ineffective for the removal of short-chain PFAS. Several pioneering treatment technologies, such as electrooxidation, ultrasound, and plasma have been reported for PFAS degradation. Nevertheless, in-depth research should be performed for the applicability of emerging technologies for real-world applications. This paper examines different technologies and helps to understand the research needs to improve the development of treatment processes for PFAS in wastewater streams.

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Section: The Occurrence Of Pfas In Industrial Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 98%

Occurrence and removal of poly/perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants

Barışçı

Suri

2021

Water Science and Technology

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“…One of the main exposure routes to PFAS is by wastewater effluents [ 1 ] from industries manufacturing them or from municipal wastewater impacted by PFAS-related products. As PFAS are not easily removed by conventional biological wastewater treatment processes such as activated sludge [ 8 ], effluents were shown to contain varying PFAS species which could contaminate the aquatic environment. In the US, wastewater effluents were shown to contain ƩPFAS 29 : 20–4773 ng/L (from 29 PFAS species) in North Carolina [ 9 ] and ƩPFAS 17 : 442–2234 ng/L in Nevada [ 10 ].…”

Section: Background On Pfasmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Removal and Destruction of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) by Novel Membranes

Das

Ronen

2022

Membranes

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Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic chemicals consisting of thousands of individual species. PFAS consists of a fully or partly fluorinated carbon–fluorine bond, which is hard to break and requires a high amount of energy (536 kJ/mole). Resulting from their unique hydrophobic/oleophobic nature and their chemical and mechanical stability, they are highly resistant to thermal, chemical, and biological degradation. PFAS have been used extensively worldwide since the 1940s in various products such as non-stick household items, food-packaging, cosmetics, electronics, and firefighting foams. Exposure to PFAS may lead to health issues such as hormonal imbalances, a compromised immune system, cancer, fertility disorders, and adverse effects on fetal growth and learning ability in children. To date, very few novel membrane approaches have been reported effective in removing and destroying PFAS. Therefore, this article provides a critical review of PFAS treatment and removal approaches by membrane separation systems. We discuss recently reported novel and effective membrane techniques for PFAS separation and include a detailed discussion of parameters affecting PFAS membrane separation and destruction. Moreover, an estimation of cost analysis is also included for each treatment technology. Additionally, since the PFAS treatment technology is still growing, we have incorporated several future directions for efficient PFAS treatment.

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“…Of these three steps, extract cleanup appears to be the most variable step, with a wide variety of adsorbents having been employed alone or in combination, including graphitized non-porous carbon (which is more commonly known under the trademark name ENVI-Carb), bare silica, octadecylfunctionalized silica (C18), primary and secondary aminefunctionalized silica (PSA), weak anion exchange (WAX) polymeric resin, and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) polymeric resin. 20,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] In what appears to have been the first study investigating the occurrence of perfluoro carboxylates and sulfonates in digested sludges, Higgins et al developed a method that involved extracting sludge samples with an acidic methanol solvent and cleaning up the extract using a C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. 34 The method developed by Higgins et al was adopted by several other researchers, 25,[41][42][43][44] including Moodie et al, who used C18 together with PSA in the extract cleanup step.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in wastewater sludges and biosolids: which adsorbents should be used for the cleanup of extracts?

Ozelcaglayan

Parker

Pham

2023

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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Linking PFAS partitioning behavior in sewage solids to the solid characteristics, solution chemistry, and treatment processes

Cited by 54 publications

References 31 publications

Occurrence and removal of poly/perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants

Occurrence and removal of poly/perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants

A Review on Removal and Destruction of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) by Novel Membranes

The analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in wastewater sludges and biosolids: which adsorbents should be used for the cleanup of extracts?

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