Linking Plant Functional Ecology to Island Biogeography

Ottaviani, Gianluigi; Keppel, Gunnar; Götzenberger, Lars; Harrison, Susan; Opedal, Øystein H.; Conti, Luisa; Liancourt, Pierre; Klimešová, Jitka; Silveira, Fernando A. O.; Jíménez-Alfaro, Borja; Negoita, Luka; Doležal, Jiří; Hájek, Michal; Ibanez, Thomas; Méndez‐Castro, Francisco Emmanuel; Chytrý, Milan

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2019.12.022

Cited by 87 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Lineages distributed at both insular and continental regions are valuable in that they allow for straightforward tests of phenotypic differentiation associated with colonization of novel (insular) environments (e.g. Martén-Rodríguez, Quesada, Castro, Lopezaraiza-Mikel, & Fenster, 2015;Moreira et al, 2019;Ottaviani et al, 2020). Furthermore, by shifting the typical focus of functional biogeography on communities to intra-specific variation, we could test predictions at finer biodiversity scales (Taylor et al, 2019;Violle et al, 2007), while controlling for the stochastic biogeographical patterns of island colonization (Clegg et al, 2002;García-Verdugo, Mairal, Monroy, Sajeva, & Caujapé-Castells, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf functional traits and insular colonization: Subtropical islands as a melting pot of trait diversity in a widespread plant lineage

García‐Verdugo

Monroy

Pugnaire

et al. 2020

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim: One of the main goals of functional biogeography is to examine distribution patterns of trait diversity, and islands provide excellent study cases for this emerging field. We tested the hypothesis that multiple dispersals from a common mainland pool would promote functional similarity among island systems when environmental conditions are similar, but also novel phenotypic traits related to colonization history and exploitation of new habitats. Location: Mediterranean Basin and Macaronesian islands. Taxon: Wolfbane (Periploca laevigata) Methods: We used the well-known biogeographical history of a woody plant complex (P. laevigata s.l.) to examine trait variation and how it relates to climatic conditions of mainland and subtropical island settings. In a common garden experiment, we measured a suite of leaf physiological and anatomical traits tightly related to plant performance in 320 seedlings representing 21 populations of five sublineages-the oldest (2.6 my) island colonization (western Canary Islands) as a reference, three sublineages stemming from independent events of island colonization in the last 0.5 my from NW Africa (Cape Verde, Fuerteventura, Lanzarote) and their widespread Mediterranean mainland counterpart. Results: We observed strong phenotypic divergence between island and mainland sublineages linked to contrasting climatic conditions. Mediterranean mainland populations displayed a very specialized leaf phenotype characteristic of arid plants (i.e. small leaves, amphistomaty, isobilateral mesophyll, high photosynthetic rates). In turn, low seasonality on islands was linked to the recurrent expression of a phenotype characterized by larger leaves and lower photosynthetic rates. Our analyses showed that the high investment in secondary compounds (i.e. tannins) on islands decouples photosynthesis from growth rates. Despite this pattern of parallel differentiation, each island sublineage displayed a distinctive phenotype, with some traits related to colonization time, which resulted in a mosaic of functional variation across island systems. Main conclusions: Our data suggest that the studied subtropical islands promote expression of traits specific to certain sublineages and other common traits that are no longer adaptive in the original mainland pool due to Pleistocene climatic shifts. These | 2363 GARCÍA-VERDUGO Et Al.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf functional traits and insular colonization: Subtropical islands as a melting pot of trait diversity in a widespread plant lineage

García‐Verdugo

Monroy

Pugnaire

et al. 2020

Journal of Biogeography

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“…These studies made evident that habitat diversity plays a primary role in controlling the species diversity on islands. Studies on functional traits (e.g., Ottaviani et al, 2020) have increasingly become important in recent investigations on island biogeography and provided new insights on islands' species assemblages and their habitat filtering. For instance, on oceanic islands, such as the Galápagos islands, habitat filtering proved to be more important than dispersal limitation in determining the species composition of plant assemblages (Carvajal-Endara et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat type and island identity as drivers of community assembly in an archipelago

Chiarucci

Buldrini

Cervellini

et al. 2020

J Vegetation Science

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Aim: Ecoinformatics offer new opportunity to test islands as biogeographic and ecological models. In this paper we predicted three hypotheses: (1) plot-based data issuing from vegetation surveys can be used to predict Island Species-Area Relationships (ISARs) or island similarity; (2) the habitat area is an independent predictor of species richness patterns within island; (3) species richness and composition are more dependent on habitat type than island identity in land-bridge islands. Area: Tuscan Archipelago, Italy. Methods: We assembled a database of all the vegetation plots available for the archipelago. For the first hypothesis we calculated ISARs, using Arrhenius model, and Beta Diversity, using Jaccard dissimilarity, on both published floras and cumulative plot data. For the second hypothesis, we modelled Habitat Species-Area Relationships (HSARs), using Arrhenius model. For the third hypothesis, we used additive partitioning of species richness, NMDS and PERMANOVA. Results: Island Species-Area Relationships based on plot data mirrored those on published floras, but absolute values of c and z parameters were different. Beta diversity based on plot data resembled those of published floras, but was higher. Species richness was significantly related to the habitat area. The total species richness of the archipelago was linked to large scale drivers, such as island identity, while plot species composition was driven by both habitat type and island identity. Conclusions: Data assembled issuing from vegetation surveys are useful to describe biogeographic patterns. Species richness in the archipelago is driven by spatial factors such as the amount of habitats and the differences among islands, while the species composition of local assemblages is largely driven by habitat filters rather than by island identity, as expected in land-bridge islands.

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“…Life-history traits play a key role in the colonization and diversification on islands, especially those that are related to resource acquisition, space occupancy and dispersal ability, such as plant height and fruit size 7,28 . We found quantitative differences in palm height and fruit size among mainland, continental and volcanic islands habitat types (hypothesis 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher evolutionary rates in life-history traits in insular than in mainland palms

Cássia‐Silva

Freitas

Lemes

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Isolated islands, due to the reduced interspecific competition compared to mainland habitats, present ecological opportunities for colonizing lineages. As a consequence, island lineages may be expected to experience higher rates of trait evolution than mainland lineages. However, island effects on key life-history traits of vascular plants remain underexplored at broad spatiotemporal scales, even for emblematic island clades such as palms. Here, we used phylogenetic comparative methods to evaluate potential differences in size and macroevolutionary patterns of height and fruit diameter among mainland, continental, and volcanic island palms. Further, phylogenetic beta-diversity was used to determine if lineage turnover supported an adaptive radiation scenario on volcanic islands. Volcanic island palms were taller than their continental island and mainland counterparts, whereas continental island palms exhibited smaller fruit size. Height and fruit size of palms evolved under evolutionary constraints towards an optimal value. However, scenarios of adaptive radiation and niche conservatism were not supported for the height and fruit size of volcanic and mainland palm clades, respectively, as expected. Instead, continental island palms exhibited higher evolutionary rates for height and fruit size. Insular palm assemblages (continental and volcanic) are composed of unique lineages. Beyond representing evolutionary sources of new palm lineages, our results demonstrate that insular habitats are important in shaping palm trait diversity. Also, the higher phenotypic evolutionary rates of continental island palms suggest disparate selection pressures on this habitat type, which can be an important driver of trait diversification over time. Taken together, these results stress the importance of insular habitats for conservation of functional, phylogenetic, and taxonomic diversity of palms.

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Linking Plant Functional Ecology to Island Biogeography

Cited by 87 publications

References 65 publications

Leaf functional traits and insular colonization: Subtropical islands as a melting pot of trait diversity in a widespread plant lineage

Leaf functional traits and insular colonization: Subtropical islands as a melting pot of trait diversity in a widespread plant lineage

Habitat type and island identity as drivers of community assembly in an archipelago

Higher evolutionary rates in life-history traits in insular than in mainland palms

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