Linking satellite images and hand-held infrared thermography to observed neighborhood climate conditions

Hartz, Donna A.; Prashad, Lela; Hedquist, Brent C.; Golden, Jay S.; Brazel, Anthony J.

doi:10.1016/j.rse.2005.12.019

Cited by 83 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Urban climate research completed in the Phoenix metropolitan area demonstrates that air and surface temperatures differ widely across area neighborhoods, with the greatest differences during summertime heat waves (e.g., Chow et al, 2012;Harlan, Brazel, Prashad, Stefanov, & Larsen, 2006;Hartz, Prashad, Hedquist, Golden, & Brazel, 2006;Jenerette, Harlan, Stefanov, & Martin, 2011;Middel et al, 2015). However, we demonstrate that within urban neighborhoods and small playgrounds, these surface temperatures vary significantly-and with implications for human thermal comfort and safety-at spatial scales as fine as 1 cm.…”

Section: Playground Design In Hot Climatesmentioning

confidence: 64%

Hot playgrounds and children's health: A multiscale analysis of surface temperatures in Arizona, USA

Vanos

Middel

McKercher

et al. 2016

Landscape and Urban Planning

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h i g h l i g h t s• A mismatch exists between remotely sensed and in situ urban surface temperatures (T s ).• The hottest T s in a Phoenix area neighborhood were found on playground surfaces.• Children are more vulnerable to the effects of heat stress and high T s than adults.• Shade of any type is found effective in reducing T s and improving thermal safety.• Data must be collected at the touch-scale for spatially accurate high T s mitigation. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tObjectives: To provide novel quantification and advanced measurements of surface temperatures (T s ) in playgrounds, employing multiple scales of data, and provide insight into hot-hazard mitigation techniques and designs for improved environmental and public health. Methods: We conduct an analysis of T s in two Metro-Phoenix playgrounds at three scales: neighborhood (1 km resolution), microscale (6.8 m resolution), and touch-scale (1 cm resolution). Data were derived from two sources: airborne remote sensing (neighborhood and microscale) and in situ (playground site) infrared T s (touch-scale). Metrics of surface-to-air temperature deltas ( T s-a ) and scale offsets (errors) are introduced. Results: Select in situ T s in direct sunlight are shown to approach or surpass values likely to result in burns to children at touch-scales much finer than T s resolved by airborne remote sensing. Scale offsets based on neighbourhood and microscale ground observations are 3.8 • C and 7.3 • C less than the T s-a at the 1 cm touch-scale, respectively, and 6.6 • C and 10.1 • C lower than touch-scale playground equipment T s , respectively. Hence, the coarser scales underestimate high T s within playgrounds. Both natural (tree) and artificial (shade sail) shade types are associated with significant reductions in T s . Conclusions: A scale mismatch exists based on differing methods of urban T s measurement. The sub-meter touch-scale is the spatial scale at which data must be collected and policies of urban landscape design and health must be executed in order to mitigate high T s in high-contact environments such as playgrounds. Shade implementation is the most promising mitigation technique to reduce child burns, increase park usability, and mitigate urban heating.

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Section: Playground Design In Hot Climatesmentioning

confidence: 64%

Hot playgrounds and children's health: A multiscale analysis of surface temperatures in Arizona, USA

Vanos

Middel

McKercher

et al. 2016

Landscape and Urban Planning

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“…As a matter of fact, the attenuation of heat by green vegetation is starker in desert regions due to the rare presence of vegetation and the predominance of sand in the suburbs and rural environments. An urban heat sink, or an oasis effect, therefore forms during daytime, which is characterized by a cooler environment in the urban area in comparison to its surrounding suburban areas [18,19]. Utilizing Landsat data, Lougeay et al [20] identified an urban heat sink in Phoenix, showing a 3 • C lower LST in its densely built areas than the surrounding desert and non-active agriculture lands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Impact of Urbanization on Surface Urban Heat Islands—A Longitudinal Analysis of the Oasis Effect in Subtropical Desert Cities

et al. 2017

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Abstract:We quantified the spatio-temporal patterns of land cover/land use (LCLU) change to document and evaluate the daytime surface urban heat island (SUHI) for five hot subtropical desert cities (Beer Sheva, Israel; Hotan, China; Jodhpur, India; Kharga, Egypt; and Las Vegas, NV, USA). Sequential Landsat images were acquired and classified into the USGS 24-category Land Use Categories using object-based image analysis with an overall accuracy of 80% to 95.5%. We estimated the land surface temperature (LST) of all available Landsat data from June to August for years 1990, 2000, and 2010 and computed the urban-rural difference in the average LST and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for each city. Leveraging non-parametric statistical analysis, we also investigated the impacts of city size and population on the urban-rural difference in the summer daytime LST and NDVI. Urban expansion is observed for all five cities, but the urbanization pattern varies widely from city to city. A negative SUHI effect or an oasis effect exists for all the cities across all three years, and the amplitude of the oasis effect tends to increase as the urban-rural NDVI difference increases. A strong oasis effect is observed for Hotan and Kharga with evidently larger NDVI difference than the other cities. Larger cities tend to have a weaker cooling effect while a negative association is identified between NDVI difference and population. Understanding the daytime oasis effect of desert cities is vital for sustainable urban planning and the design of adaptive management, providing valuable guidelines to foster smart desert cities in an era of climate variability, uncertainty, and change.

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“…The importance of modeling local climatic variability to reveal surface temperature is described by Voogt and Oke [5] and others [46,49]. However, to the best of our knowledge, we have found no urban thermal study that considers the influence of local climatic variability on remote sensor observation.…”

Section: Thermal Urban Road Normalization (Turn)-correcting For Localmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Thermal remote sensing is strongly influenced by local microclimatic variability [46] of which the main components are wind, precipitation, and humidity. (i) Surface winds increase convective heat loss from ground objects and make them cooler [47].…”

Section: Thermal Urban Road Normalization (Turn)-correcting For Localmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(i) Surface winds increase convective heat loss from ground objects and make them cooler [47]. (ii) Precipitation forces objects to cool down and to achieve a uniform temperature state [48], and (iii) as the humidity increases, ground targets appear to be cooler [46]. Thus, objects of similar thermal state but placed in varied microclimatic conditions will exhibit different temperature measurements from thermal remote sensors.…”

Section: Thermal Urban Road Normalization (Turn)-correcting For Localmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geospatial Technologies to Improve Urban Energy Efficiency

et al. 2011

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Abstract:The HEAT (Home Energy Assessment Technologies) pilot project is a FREE Geoweb mapping service, designed to empower the urban energy efficiency movement by allowing residents to visualize the amount and location of waste heat leaving their homes and communities as easily as clicking on their house in Google Maps. HEAT incorporates Geospatial solutions for residential waste heat monitoring using Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) and Canadian built Thermal Airborne Broadband Imager technology (TABI-320) to provide users with timely, in-depth, easy to use, location-specific waste-heat information; as well as opportunities to save their money and reduce their green-house-gas emissions. We first report on the HEAT Phase I pilot project which evaluates 368 residences in the Brentwood community of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and describe the development and implementation of interactive waste heat maps, energy use models, a Hot Spot tool able to view the 6+ hottest locations on each home and a new HEAT Score for inter-city waste heat comparisons. We then describe current challenges, lessons learned and new solutions as we begin Phase II and scale from 368 to 300,000+ OPEN ACCESSRemote Sens. 2011, 3 1381 homes with the newly developed TABI-1800. Specifically, we introduce a new object-based mosaicing strategy, an adaptation of Emissivity Modulation to correct for emissivity differences, a new Thermal Urban Road Normalization (TURN) technique to correct for scene-wide microclimatic variation. We also describe a new Carbon Score and opportunities to update city cadastral errors with automatically defined thermal house objects.

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Linking satellite images and hand-held infrared thermography to observed neighborhood climate conditions

Cited by 83 publications

References 18 publications

Hot playgrounds and children's health: A multiscale analysis of surface temperatures in Arizona, USA

Hot playgrounds and children's health: A multiscale analysis of surface temperatures in Arizona, USA

Understanding the Impact of Urbanization on Surface Urban Heat Islands—A Longitudinal Analysis of the Oasis Effect in Subtropical Desert Cities

Geospatial Technologies to Improve Urban Energy Efficiency

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