“…Most of these studies examined organizational design features or manufacturing practices that facilitated the acquisition of MC ability. These factors include quality management practices (Kristal, Huang, & Schroeder, 2010), information technology (Peng et al, 2011), product modularity (Ahmad, Schroeder, & Mallick, 2010), work design practices (Liu et al, 2006), functional integration (Liu et al, 2012), organizational structure (Huang, Kristal, & Schroeder, 2010), learning (Huang, Kristal, & Schroeder, 2008), supply chain planning and management practices (Liu & Deitz, 2011), and supply chain uncertainty management practices (Liu, Shah, & Schroeder, 2010), etc. Only two studies examined the performance consequences of MC and they found that MC had a direct positive impact on operational performance (Liu et al, 2012) or competitiveness (Ahmad et al, 2010).…”