Links between child and adolescent trauma exposure and service use histories in a national clinic-referred sample.

Briggs, Ernestine C.; Fairbank, John A.; Greeson, Johanna K.P.; Layne, Christopher; Steinberg, Alan M.; Amaya-Jackson, Lisa; Ostrowski, Sarah A.; Gerrity, Ellen; Elmore, Diane L.; Belcher, Harolyn M. E.; Pynoos, Robert S.

doi:10.1037/a0027312

Cited by 91 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Differences in these rates may be in part to national differences in community violence and risk for deportation. Further, present findings are inconsistent with previous studies suggesting positive associations between trauma exposure and youth age (Alisic et al, 2008; Briggs et al, 2013). Present results indicate that elementary school children were similarly affected by trauma exposure and highlight the need to screen younger children to maximize early detection and intervention, although further work is needed to understand family- and community-level factors that are associated with decreased trauma exposure in young children in order to understand these discrepancies.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The most frequently reported type of event reported in this study was traumatic loss or separation (including deportation and arrests). Similarly, 40% of children ages 6-11 in a large national study reported loss and separation (Briggs et al, 2013). Together, these data suggest that traumatic events in childhood need not be life-threatening or violent to infer risk for later significant clinical symptomatology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trauma Exposure in Elementary School Children: Description of Screening Procedures, Level of Exposure, and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms

González

Monzon

Solis³

et al. 2015

School Mental Health

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Traumatic childhood events can have a significant impact on overall child functioning. Early identification and intervention could offer significant benefits for children’s mental health and educational trajectories, but how to effectively identify young children is a challenge. In this paper, we describe screening for exposure to traumatic events and associated symptoms of posttraumatic stress, and examine differences by child gender and grade level. A total of 402 elementary school children in grades 1-5 participated across four elementary schools. We describe modified administration procedures of screening instruments for these young children. Children who endorsed exposure to one or more traumatic events were individually assessed for posttraumatic stress symptom severity. Thirty-four percent (n=138) of children screened experienced one or more traumatic events, and 75.4% of those exposed to at least one traumatic event endorsed moderate levels or higher of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Internal consistency of the symptom self-report instrument was adequate for children of all grade levels. Posttraumatic stress symptom severity increased for children exposed to more types of events. No gender/grade differences were found in symptom severity. Findings suggest that young children are impacted by traumatic events in relatively high numbers, that they can reliably report their posttraumatic stress symptoms, and that a large portion of those exposed to trauma experience significant distress. These results highlight the importance of early screening and identification of these children to curtail potential risk for future academic, social, and psychological maladjustment.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma Exposure in Elementary School Children: Description of Screening Procedures, Level of Exposure, and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms

González

Monzon

Solis³

et al. 2015

School Mental Health

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“…Patients are referred to the centers locally through local health care systems and providers. The NCTSN procedures for gathering data are described in detail (Briggs et al, in press; Pynoos et al, ; Steinberg et al, in press).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric Properties of the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index. Part II: Investigating Factor Structure Findings in a National Clinic‐Referred Youth Sample

Elhai

Layne

Steinberg

et al. 2013

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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155

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We examined the underlying factor structure of the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index (PTSD-RI) using data from 6,591 children/adolescents exposed to trauma, presenting for treatment at any of 54 National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN) centers. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we tested the 3-factor DSM-IV PTSD model, 2 separate 4-factor models (Dysphoria vs. Emotional Numbing) and a recently conceptualized 5-factor Dysphoric Arousal model. We found a slight, but significant advantage for the Dysphoria model over the Emotional Numbing model on the PTSD-RI, with a difference in Bayesian information criterion (BIC) values of 81 points. As with several recent studies of adult trauma victims, we found a slight advantage for the Dysphoric Arousal model over the other models on the PTSD-RI, with BIC differences exceeding 300 points. Retaining the Dysphoric Arousal model, we tested the convergent validity of the PTSD-RI factors against subscales of the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children. Supporting the convergent validity of the PTSD-RI, in the Dysphoric Arousal model, the dysphoric arousal factor related most strongly to anger, whereas the emotional numbing factor related most strongly to depression, and anxious arousal factor related most strongly to anxiety. Results support the use of the PTSD-RI for evaluating PTSD among youth.

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“…Criterion‐referenced validity was established by good diagnostic efficiency in predicting PTSD diagnosis against the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, Children and Adolescent Version (Nader et al, ). Given the relatively small sample size of many of the above studies, the Core Data Set (CDS) of the NCTSN provided an opportunity for a more compelling psychometric evaluation of the PTSD‐RI for DSM IV (Briggs et al, 2012; Pynoos et al, ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric Properties of the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index: Part I

Steinberg

Brymer

Kim

et al. 2013

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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463

294

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This article presents psychometric characteristics of the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for DSM IV (PTSD-RI) derived from a large sample of children and adolescents (N = 6,291) evaluated at National Child Traumatic Stress Network centers. Overall mean total PTSD-RI score for girls was significantly higher as compared with boys. Age-related differences were found in that overall mean total PTSD-RI scores and within sex groups were higher among those aged 7-9 years and 16-18 years. There were no significant differences in mean total PTSD-RI scores across racial/ethnic groups. The PTSD-RI total scale displayed good to excellent internal consistency reliability across age ranges, sex, and racial/ethnic groups (α = .88-.91). Correlations of PTSD-RI scores with PTS subscale scores on the TSCC-A for the entire sample and within sex, age, and ethnic/racial groups provided evidence of convergent validity, although not discriminant validity. In contradistinction to previously reported 4-factor models, an exploratory factor analysis revealed 3 factors that mostly reflected the underlying dimensions of PTSD in DSM IV. PTSD-RI scores were associated with increased odds ratios for functional/behavior problems (odds ratio [OR] = 1-1.80). These findings are striking in light of the wide range of trauma exposures, age, and race/ethnicity among subjects.

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Links between child and adolescent trauma exposure and service use histories in a national clinic-referred sample.

Cited by 91 publications

References 43 publications

Trauma Exposure in Elementary School Children: Description of Screening Procedures, Level of Exposure, and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms

Trauma Exposure in Elementary School Children: Description of Screening Procedures, Level of Exposure, and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms

Psychometric Properties of the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index. Part II: Investigating Factor Structure Findings in a National Clinic‐Referred Youth Sample

Psychometric Properties of the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index: Part I

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