Links Between Iron and Lipids: Implications in Some Major Human Diseases

Rockfield, Stephanie; Chhabra, Ravneet; Robertson, Michelle M.; Rehman, Nabila; Bisht, Richa; Nanjundan, Meera

doi:10.3390/ph11040113

Cited by 63 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…Iron exists in circulation mostly in complex with transferrin, ferritin, and heme [50]. As the major carrier and storage proteins, in individuals without iron deficiency, the higher SF, TRF, and Hb levels can reflect a potential capacity of bodily iron within a normal high or even excess degree.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, TRF in plasma, exerts the same type of protecting effect as ferritin in cell, is negatively related to the non-transferrin bound iron. Both the labile iron pool and the unbound iron can promote the production of reactive oxygen species, and in turn induce the lipids oxidation [50]. It is speculated that moderately increased TRF and sTfR may act as an antioxidant reaction to correlated with HDL-C-apoA1 metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of iron status with apolipoproteins and lipid ratios: a cross-sectional study from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Zhou¹,

Ren²,

Zhou³

et al. 2020

Lipids Health Dis

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Background: Iron overload has been found to be related with various cardiometabolic disorders, like dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. The disturbance of the iron status and lipid metabolism can contribute to organ damage such as atherosclerotic plaque growth and instability. An assessment on the associations of iron status with apolipoproteins and lipid ratios would be informative for maintenance of metabolic homeostasis and hinderance of disease progression. Hence, this study aims to establish the relationships of iron status with apolipoproteins and lipid ratios. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 7540 adult participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2009 was conducted. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the relationships between indicators of iron status and the prevalence of unfavorable apolipoprotein profiles. Multivariate linear regression models were constructed to assess the dose-response correlations between serum ferritin and lipid parameters. Results: After adjustment for confounding factors, in both sexes, the subjects in the top quartile of ferritin had the highest prevalence of an elevated apolipoprotein B (men: odds ratio (OR) 1.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50-2.62; women: OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.53-2.97) and an elevated apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio (men: OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.50-2.66; women: OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.04-1.92) when compared with individuals in the lowest quartile. Hemoglobin were also independently associated with unfavorable apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein B/ apolipoprotein A1 ratio both in men and women. However, transferrin (men: OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.56-0.99; women: OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.56-0.95) and soluble transferrin receptor (men: OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.57-0.99; women: OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.55-0.91) were found to be negatively associated with a decreased apolipoprotein A1. Moreover, after controlling for potential confounders, the ferritin concentrations were significantly associated with the levels of lipid ratios including TG/HDL

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of iron status with apolipoproteins and lipid ratios: a cross-sectional study from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Zhou¹,

Ren²,

Zhou³

et al. 2020

Lipids Health Dis

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“…Uncharacterized protein CG17807 is an oxoglutarate/iron-dependent dioxygenase. High iron levels promote the accumulation of sphingolipid LCBs and long-chain base phosphate (LCBP) (Chen et al 2016, Rockfield et al 2018). The toxicity of a high level of iron was shown to be correlated with the accumulation of LCBs and LCBPs and activation of the Pkh1-Ypk1-Smp1 protein kinase pathway that is essential for lethality (Lee et al 2012, Dixon and Stockwell 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaline Ceramidase Mediates the Oxidative Stress Response in Drosophila melanogaster Through Sphingosine

Zhang

Shi

et al. 2019

Journal of Insect Science

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Alkaline ceramidase (Dacer) in Drosophila melanogaster was demonstrated to be resistant to paraquat-induced oxidative stress. However, the underlying mechanism for this resistance remained unclear. Here, we showed that sphingosine feeding triggered the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Dacer-deficient D. melanogaster (Dacer mutant) has higher catalase (CAT) activity and CAT transcription level, leading to higher resistance to oxidative stress induced by paraquat. By performing a quantitative proteomic analysis, we identified 79 differentially expressed proteins in comparing Dacer mutant to wild type. Three oxidoreductases, including two cytochrome P450 (CG3050, CG9438) and an oxoglutarate/iron-dependent dioxygenase (CG17807), were most significantly upregulated in Dacer mutant. We presumed that altered antioxidative activity in Dacer mutant might be responsible for increased oxidative stress resistance. Our work provides a novel insight into the oxidative antistress response in D. melanogaster.

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“…Ironmediated alterations in lipid metabolic pathways are involved in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease in complex ways that are still poorly understood [106]. Increased dietary availability of iron through supplementation and fortification of processed foods is a factor linked to the global epidemic of obesity [107].…”

Section: Iron and Risk Factors For Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Geoengineering, Coal Fly Ash and the New Heart-Iron Connection: Universal Exposure to Iron Oxide Nanoparticulates

Whiteside¹,

Herndon²

2019

JAMMR

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Globally, air pollution is the leading environmental cause of human disease and death, and it is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease. Air pollution damages the cardiovascular system by oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and pro-thrombotic changes. Ultrafine particulate matter from the combustion of fossil fuels delivers the most potent and harmful elements of air pollution. Coal fly ash is a rich source of nano-sized metal, iron oxide, and carbonaceous particles. Previous findings revealed that coal fly ash is widely utilized in undisclosed tropospheric aerosol geoengineering. Proper iron balance is central to human health and disease, and the harmful effects of iron are normally prevented by tightly controlled processes of systemic and cellular iron homeostasis. Altered iron balance is linked to the traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The iron-heart hypothesis is supported by epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies. Biogenic magnetite (Fe3O4) serves essential life functions, but iron oxide nanoparticles from anthropogenic sources cause disease. The recent finding of countless combustion-type magnetic nanoparticles in damaged hearts of persons from highly polluted areas is definitive evidence of the connection between the iron oxide fraction of air pollution and cardiovascular disease. Spherical magnetic iron oxide particles found in coal fly ash and certain vehicle emissions match the exogenous iron pollution particles found in the human heart. Iron oxide nanoparticles cross the placenta and may act as seed material for future cardiovascular disease. The pandemic of non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease and also rapid global warming can be alleviated by drastically reducing nanoparticulate air pollution. It is crucial to halt tropospheric aerosol geoengineering, and to curb fine particulate emissions from industrial and traffic sources to avoid further gross contamination of the human race by iron oxide-type nanoparticles.

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Links Between Iron and Lipids: Implications in Some Major Human Diseases

Cited by 63 publications

References 108 publications

Associations of iron status with apolipoproteins and lipid ratios: a cross-sectional study from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Associations of iron status with apolipoproteins and lipid ratios: a cross-sectional study from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Alkaline Ceramidase Mediates the Oxidative Stress Response in Drosophila melanogaster Through Sphingosine

Geoengineering, Coal Fly Ash and the New Heart-Iron Connection: Universal Exposure to Iron Oxide Nanoparticulates

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