Links between posttrauma appraisals and trauma-related distress in adolescent females from the child welfare system

Srinivas, T.; DePrince, Anne P.; Chu, Ann T.

doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.05.011

Cited by 10 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Furthermore, the results point specifically to the importance of the emerging evidence of the role of alienation appraisals in posttraumatic stress. The current findings are consistent with those reported in prior studies that demonstrated the salience of alienation appraisals in posttraumatic stress across a broad range of trauma types and samples (DePrince et al., 2011; Hebenstreit et al., 2015; Mitchell et al., 2018; Srinivas et al., 2015). Sensitivity analyses revealed that the questionnaire measure used to assess alienation appraisals accounted for much of the heterogeneity found.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…However, a recent systematic review by Mitchell and colleagues (2017) found a very similar effect size ( r = .58) between appraisals and PTSD symptoms in children and adolescents, suggesting that cognitive appraisals may play a key role in posttraumatic stress for both young people and adults. As the specific role of alienation appraisals was not addressed in Mitchell et al.’s review, further research exploring alienation in trauma‐exposed children and adolescents may be warranted given the results of the present study as well as initial links between alienation and posttraumatic stress identified in adolescents (Srinivas et al., 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

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A Meta‐Analytic Review of the Association Between Alienation Appraisals and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Trauma‐Exposed Adults

McIlveen

Curran

Mitchell

et al. 2020

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Ehlers and Clark's (2000) cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) highlights the importance of negative appraisals in maintaining posttraumatic stress. Recent research suggests that alienation appraisals, defined as feeling disconnected from the self and others, mediate the association between traumatic experiences and subsequent PTSD symptoms. To our knowledge, no systematic review has yet explored the relation between alienation appraisals and PTSD symptoms in trauma-exposed adults, despite the important clinical implications posed by this association. A systematic search of the SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycInfo, MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, and PILOTS databases resulted in 470 studies, nine of which met full inclusion criteria. Studies were quality-assessed for risk of bias using the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs (QATSDD) quality assessment tool. A random-effects meta-analysis for the association between alienation appraisals and PTSD symptoms showed a large total effect size, r = .57, 95% CI [.46, .66], z = 8.41, p < .001. This large effect suggests that as alienation appraisals increase, PTSD symptoms increase. Although a strong positive association was found between alienation and PTSD symptoms, the mechanism of this association remains unclear. Limitations of the research included significant heterogeneity across studies and the fact that data were correlational. Future research to explore why alienation appraisals are significant in posttraumatic stress may further help to inform therapeutic approaches to targeting alienation appraisals in trauma survivors. Recommendations are made for the clinical assessment of alienation appraisals when exploring the impact of the traumatic experience on the survivor. Exposure to traumatic events is common; however, most people who witness or experience traumatic events do not develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Schnurr, Friedman, & Bernardy, 2002). A large-scale survey of 2,953 adults in the United States found that although 89.7% of the sample had been exposed to a traumatic event, only 8.3% of the sample met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD per the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; Kilpatrick et al., 2013).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

A Meta‐Analytic Review of the Association Between Alienation Appraisals and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Trauma‐Exposed Adults

McIlveen

Curran

Mitchell

et al. 2020

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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“…Notably, none of the studies in which ASSB was significantly associated with PTSS controlled for abuse variables (such as duration or severity) in their analyses. In contrast, four of the five studies where nonsignificant associations were shown conducted multivariate analyses that accounted for abuse variables (Daigneault, Hébert, et al, 2006; Srinivas et al, 2015; V. Wolfe et al, 1989; D.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two high-quality studies examined how maltreated youth view themselves in relation to others (Cohen & Mannarino, 2000; Srinivas et al, 2015). Srinivas et al found alienation—a perception of being disconnected and detached from others—was significantly associated with PTSS ( SD change = .42) and Cohen and Mannarino found feeling “different to peers” was significantly associated with PTSS ( r = .32).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relevance of Cognitive Behavioral Models of Post-Traumatic Stress Following Child Maltreatment: A Systematic Review

Wiseman

Hamilton‐Giachritsis²,

Hiller³

2019

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

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While it is known that young people exposed to maltreatment or abuse are at elevated risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), much of our current knowledge of mechanisms that link trauma to childhood PTSD is based on single-incident, often noninterpersonal, trauma. Theoretical models highlight psychological processes of appraisals, memory, and coping as important for the development of PTSD. The aim of this review was to synthesize the literature on the role of these key psychological processes in relation to PTSD in maltreated children and teens. Studies were included if they (1) identified a sample of maltreated individuals, ≤18 years old; (2) measured (a) trauma memory, (b) appraisals, or (c) post-trauma cognitive or behavioral responses; and (3) measured PTSD symptoms. The systematic search of three electronic databases (American Psychological Association PsychNet, PubMed, and Published International Literature on Traumatic Stress) resulted in the inclusion of 36 papers, which described 31 studies and 33 unique samples. The review found cognitive behavioral models of PTSD appeared appropriate for understanding outcomes following maltreatment, but further research is needed on all processes, particularly trauma memory. Overall, there remain significant gaps in our knowledge of how psychological processes link maltreatment to PTSD. There is limited evidence concerning how maltreatment-related characteristics (e.g., chronicity, duration, and type of abuse) influence psychological processes and in turn affect outcomes. This review recommends further research in this area and suggests that, at the very least, comprehensive assessment should be conducted with all young people reporting maltreatment to identify appraisals and coping strategies that will potentially impact on their ongoing adjustment.

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“…Trauma exposure typically prompts cognitive and emotional processing (Cromer and Smyth 2010), even in children (Bronfman et al 1998). Cognitive processes, such as how one interprets the trauma, are associated with post-trauma adjustment in children and adolescents, explaining variance in psychological symptoms that exposure alone cannot (Srinivas et al 2015). Understanding how children think about, feel about, and reflect on trauma can inform the creation and adaptation of trauma intervention strategies (Simon et al 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recalling a Devastating Tornado: Qualities of Child Recollections and Associations with Mental Health Symptoms

Hambrick

Vernberg

Greenhoot

et al. 2017

Journ Child Adol Trauma

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Trauma recollections often contain trauma-related cognitive and emotional processing. Research examining indicators of such processing in children's trauma recollections and their association with mental health symptoms is limited. Fifty 8 to 12-year-old children provided two open-ended recollections about (1) challenging/"bad" things and (2) positive/ "good" things that happened to them 1-year post experiencing an EF-5 tornado. Children completed exposure and mental health symptom measures (PTSD, anxiety, depression). Transcripts were coded for indicators of processing: coherence, positive and negative emotion terms, and resolutions. Age, gender, SES, family tornado-related discussion frequency, verbal ability, tornado-specific psychotherapy receipt, and exposure were controlled. Coherence and positive emotion were positively associated and resolutions were negatively associated with mental health symptoms when children discussed the "bad" things. Children's processing and mental health symptoms were unrelated when children discussed the "good" things. The measured indicators of children's processing may reflect children's meaning-making efforts and have implications for adjustment.

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Links between posttrauma appraisals and trauma-related distress in adolescent females from the child welfare system

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

A Meta‐Analytic Review of the Association Between Alienation Appraisals and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Trauma‐Exposed Adults

A Meta‐Analytic Review of the Association Between Alienation Appraisals and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Trauma‐Exposed Adults

The Relevance of Cognitive Behavioral Models of Post-Traumatic Stress Following Child Maltreatment: A Systematic Review

Recalling a Devastating Tornado: Qualities of Child Recollections and Associations with Mental Health Symptoms

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