Links between Thyroid Hormone Action, Oxidative Metabolism, and Diabetes Risk?

Abstract

A key phenotype associated with type 2 diabetes in humans is impaired mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle, a pattern potentially contributing to increased lipid accumulation and impaired metabolic flexibility-in turn, central features of both insulin resistance and diabetes. Since thyroid hormone regulates mitochondrial gene expression and function in skeletal muscle, reductions in T3-mediated transcription may contribute to diabetes-related impairments in oxidative metabolism. We review the evidence for relationships between thyroid hormone action and diabetes risk, and discuss potential mechanisms linking intracellular thyroid hormone availability, thyroid receptor action, and the transcriptional coactivator PGC1 in regulating oxidative metabolism.

The association of autoimmune thyroiditis and non-functional adrenal incidentalomas with insulin resistance

“…They regulate hepatic gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis and lipolysis. Also, thyroid hormones modulate mRNA and protein expression of the glucose transporter 4, AMP activated protein kinase, and acetyl CoA carboxylase in skeletal muscle (8). Recently, there have been reports suggesting an association between low thyroid hormone levels and insulin resistance and/or metabolic syndrome in euthyroid subjects.…”

Correlation of Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (Anti-Tpo) With Thyroid Hormones in Local Population of Western Nepal.

“…Thyroid hormones were recognized as one of the most important regulatory hormones and modulate every component of the metabolic pathways [1]. Thyroid dysfunction is prevalent in clinical practice and has significant consequences.…”

Coordinated balancing of muscle oxidative metabolism through PGC-1α increases metabolic flexibility and preserves insulin sensitivity

“…The increasing prevalence of metabolic disorders poses a major public health problem [1] and a sedentary lifestyle strongly promotes the development of such metabolic diseases [2]. Although most people are aware of the necessity of adequate physical activity, many are unable or unwilling to achieve the level that is required to elicit health benefits.…”

“…The increasing prevalence of metabolic disorders in our modern society represents a serious medical and economic challenge for the future [1]. A sedentary lifestyle and a low metabolic efficiency substantially contribute to the development of such diseases [1; 2].…”