Linseed oil‐based reactive diluents preparation to improve tetra‐functional epoxy resin properties

Abstract

Two kinds of bio-resourced reactive diluents have been synthesized from linseed oil.The prepared epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) and the cyclocarbonated linseed oil (CLO) were separately blended with a petroleum-based tetra-functional epoxy resin (TGDDM) to improve its processability and to overcome the brittleness of the thermoset network therefrom. The linseed oil modifications were spectrally established, and processability improvement of the resin blends was rheologically confirmed. The curing of samples was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, and their mechanical properties (ie, tensile, flexural, fracture toughness, and adhesion) were investigated as well. Scanning electron microscopy images were obtained to reconfirm the toughness improvement of the modified thermosets. In contrast of the epoxidized soybean oil (ie, the most conventionally studied bio-based reactive diluent), ELO and CLO had no negative effects on the thermoset material characteristics. They improved properties such as tensile strength (up to 43.2 MPa), fracture toughness (1.1 MPa m 1/2 ), and peel-adhesion strength (4.5 N/25 mm). It was concluded that ELO and CLO were efficient reactive diluents to be used in formulations of polymer composites, surface coatings, and structural adhesives based on epoxy resins.

Fully Bio‐Based Epoxy Thermoset Based on Epoxidized Linseed Oil and Tannic Acid

“…While TA/ELO 0.85 shows a residual signal of the CO epoxide vibration at 820 cm −1 , it cannot be observed for samples with an excess of TA. [ 29 ] Higher T g was also observed in literature for TA‐based thermosets when the TA molar ratio was increased. [ 6,20 ] In our case, a maximum T g of 146 °C was obtained for TA/ELO 1.75 cured with C2.…”

Enabling Green Manufacture of Polymer Products via Vegetable Oil Epoxides

“…Apart from toxic effects reported in BPA based epoxide usage in can coatings, phthalate esters are commonly used in PVC plasticizer applications. , In this context, the epoxides of semidrying or nondrying oils (sunflower oil, palm oil, soybean oil, etc.) with low epoxy equivalent (per weight of oil) are difficult to cure (to be used in thermosets) but can be useful as plasticizers or reactive diluents. , The introduction section discussed the conventional DGEBA/EVO blends potential in property enhancement, example, impact, and adhesive strength and toughness. , In this context, the possibility of epoxidized vegetable oil as reactive diluents for epoxy resins was extensively demonstrated and investigated by Czub and co-workers . Epoxidized rapeseed oil and soybean oil used in such systems reduced the viscosity of epoxidized oils and BPA based epoxides and demonstrated a non-Newtonian rheological behavior.…”

“…with low epoxy equivalent (per weight of oil) are difficult to cure (to be used in thermosets) but can be useful as plasticizers or reactive diluents. 87,88 The introduction section discussed the conventional DGEBA/EVO blends potential in property enhancement, example, impact, and adhesive strength and toughness. 48,49 In this context, the possibility of epoxidized vegetable oil as reactive diluents for epoxy resins was extensively demonstrated and investigated by Czub and coworkers.…”

From Waste Vegetable Oil to a Green Compatibilizer for HDPE/PA6 Blends

“…In recent years, epoxidized vegetable oils (EVO) [22] have gained attention in the polymer field due to their potential use in many applications. A few examples are the use of EVO to substitute phthalates as a plasticizer in PVC [23] or as a reactive diluent in epoxy resins [24,25], coatings [26], thermosets, and composites [27,28]. The interested reader can find an exhaustive description of these applications in recent reviews like those by Thomas and Patil [29] and by Chong et al [30].…”