Linseed oil increases HDL3 cholesterol and decreases blood pressure in patients diagnosed with mild hypercholesterolaemia

Abstract

A b s t r a c tBackground: Linseed oil has cardio-protective effects. However, its antihypertensive action has not yet been well characterised. Aim:The primary purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of short-term dietary supplementation with linseed oil on blood pressure (BP) and lipid metabolism in patients with mild hypercholesterolaemia. The secondary aim was to assess the effect of linseed oil on nitric oxide pathway and selected serum trace metals.Methods: 150 volunteers: 43 men (49.9 ± 11.5 years) and 107 women (53.2 ± 10.3 years), diagnosed with mild hypercholesterolaemia, were assessed prospectively for BP and lipid levels, before and after lipid-lowering diet plus linseed oil supplementation at a dose of 15 mL daily for four weeks (study groups) or four-weekly lipid-lowering diet (control group). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the effect of linseed oil on BP after adjustment for age, sex, height, body weight, body mass index, smoking status, and alcohol consumption.Results: Supplementation with linseed oil significantly decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-and non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and increased HDL-and HDL 3 -cholesterol levels. Additionally, linseed oil decreased diastolic BP in men (95% confidence interval [CI]: -6.0 to -1.1, p < 0.006), whereas in women linseed oil reduced (p < 0.001) systolic BP (-3.6 mmHg; 95% CI: -5.8 to -1.5) as well as diastolic BP (-4 mmHg; 95% CI: -5.8 to -2.1). Women with higher BP displayed an increase in serum L-arginine level (p < 0.01). In the logistic regression model oil consumption was associated with a decrease in mean BP (adjusted odds ratio 3.85; 95% CI 1.32-11.33). Conclusions:Our findings confirm the benefit of short-term linseed oil use in mild hypercholesterolaemia, particularly in patients with increased blood pressure.

Effects of Aronia melanocarpa on Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review of Quasi-Design Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials

“…The impact of Aronia on fasting blood glucose in normoglycaemic persons has been examined in- 3randamized controlled trials and 4-quasi experimental studies, and in all cases fasting blood sugar remained far above 3.9 mmol/l [ 56 , 68 , 85 - 87 , 89 , 97 ]. Hypercholesterolaemic men treated with 250 ml Aronia juice, corresponding to around 400 mg polyphenols, daily for 6 weeks had a small reduction in fasting blood glucose from 5.5 mmol/l at baseline to 5.1 mmol/l [ 95 ]. In the remaining 3 studies, baseline values of fasting blood glucose of 5.0 mmol/l to 5.6 mmol/l were not changed after treatment with Aronia powder or juice in doses corresponding to between 300 mg and 2000 mg polyphenols per day for 4 to 9 weeks [ 56 , 68 , 86 ].…”

“…Three quasi-designed studies performed in individuals with MS or hypercholesterolaemia detected a decrease in triglyceride (TG) concentration after administration of Aronia extract or juice for 6 weeks to 2 months [ 87 , 95 , 96 ]. One study used 250 ml of juice containing an unknown concentration of polyphenols [ 95 ], while the remaining studies used an Aronia berry extract with a daily dose of 300 mg polyphenols [ 87 , 96 ].…”

“…Three quasi-designed studies performed in individuals with MS or hypercholesterolaemia detected a decrease in triglyceride (TG) concentration after administration of Aronia extract or juice for 6 weeks to 2 months [ 87 , 95 , 96 ]. One study used 250 ml of juice containing an unknown concentration of polyphenols [ 95 ], while the remaining studies used an Aronia berry extract with a daily dose of 300 mg polyphenols [ 87 , 96 ]. In contrast, 4 other quasi-designed studies and one cross-over study performed in individuals with MS, hypertension, or T2D did not detect differences even though the authors administered juice containing from 300mg to 2000 mg polyphenols/day for 4 weeks to 3 months [ 56 , 68 , 86 , 91 , 92 ].…”

“…Seven quasi-designed studies performed in individuals with hypercholesterolaemia, MS, hypertension or T2D found that Aronia extract administered in daily doses of 300 mg to 600 mg polyphenols for 4 weeks to 3 months lowered total cholesterol [ 56 , 87 , 89 , 90 , 92 , 95 , 96 ]. In contrast, 2 quasi-designed studies and a cross-over study did not detect any effect on total cholesterol after administration of 300 mg to 2000 mg polyphenols /day for 4 to 8 weeks [ 68 , 86 , 91 ].…”

Uso de fitoterápicos no tratamento da dislipidemia: Um estudo de revisão

“…Ademais, a partir da análise de quatro ensaios clínicos (Skoczyńska, Gluza, Wojakowska, Turczyn, & Skoczyńska, 2018) (Soltanian & Janghorbani, 2019) (Haghighatsiar, Askari, Saraf-Bank, Feizi, & Keshmiri, 2019) (Kanikowska, et al, 2020), com um total de 315 indivíduos participantes distribuídos em grupo intervenção e controle, que avaliaram o efeito da suplementação de óleo (Skoczyńska, Gluza, Wojakowska, Turczyn, & Skoczyńska, 2018), pó e biscoito (Soltanian & Janghorbani, 2019) (Kanikowska, et al, 2020) de linhaça sobre o perfil lipídico de indivíduos dislipidêmicos (Skoczyńska, Gluza, Wojakowska, Turczyn, & Skoczyńska, 2018) (Haghighatsiar, Askari, Saraf-Bank, Feizi, & Keshmiri, 2019) (Kanikowska, et al, 2020), observou-se os efeitos benéficos da linhaça ao propiciar uma redução significante nos níveis de colesterol (Soltanian & Janghorbani, 2019) (Haghighatsiar, Askari, Saraf-Bank, Feizi, & Keshmiri, 2019) (Kanikowska, et al, 2020), TG (Skoczyńska, Gluza, Wojakowska, Turczyn, & Skoczyńska, 2018) (Haghighatsiar, Askari, Saraf-Bank, Feizi, & Keshmiri, 2019), LDL-c (Skoczyńska, Gluza, Wojakowska, Turczyn, & Skoczyńska, 2018) (Soltanian & Janghorbani, 2019) (Haghighatsiar, Askari, Saraf-Bank, Feizi, & Keshmiri, 2019) (Kanikowska, et al, 2020) que estão envolvidos em atividades anti-inflamatórias e anti-aterogênicas, contribuindo para a redução do estresse oxidativo.…”