Lip and oral cavity cancers (C00-C06) from a mega city of Pakistan: Ten-year data from the Dow Cancer Registry

Abstract

Objective The objective of this report is to provide an overview of lip and oral cavity cancer in Karachi, the largest city in Pakistan. Methods This study was undertaken at the Dow Cancer Registry. During 2010–2019, all patients who were residents of Karachi who had been diagnosed with lip and oral cavity cancer were registered and recruited for this study. The data were entered in SPSS and MS Excel sheets to investigate frequencies, age-standardized-rates (ASR) and other clinicopathological parameters. The data from our study were compared with the ASR of lip and oral cavity cancer from selected Asian countries. Results During the defined period, 22,858 cancer cases were registered. Of these, 4,400 (19.2%, ASR 28.0) were lip and oral cavity cancer (the most common type found in males and the second most common type in females), of which 2,986 (67.8%) were found in males, while 1,414 (32.1%) were reported in females. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common type (97.7%). Most tumours were moderately differentiated (67.7%) followed by poorly (16.6%), and well differentiated (15.7%). Conclusion We report an alarmingly high ASR of lip and oral cavity cancer in Karachi as compared to Pakistan as a whole and other Asian countries.

High CD44 Immunoexpression Correlates with Poor Overall Survival: Assessing the Role of Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients from the High-Risk Population of Pakistan

“…Oral cavity cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in South Central Asia, including Pakistan. It is the first and second most common cancer in Pakistani males and females, respectively, and has the second-highest rate of oral cavity cancers worldwide, thus continuing to be a major public health crisis and a significant hurdle in improving life expectancy [ 1 , 2 ].…”

“…Oral cavity cancer is one of the leading causes of cancerrelated death in South Central Asia, including Pakistan. It is the first and second most common cancer in Pakistani males and females, respectively, and has the second-highest rate of oral cavity cancers worldwide, thus continuing to be a major public health crisis and a significant hurdle in improving life expectancy [1,2]. e rationale for the high incidence of oral cavity cancers in Pakistan, and South Asia in general, is the frequent, persistent, and prevalent use of substances classified as oral cancer risk factors.…”

Association of Mucin-4 Expression In Anneroth Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…Oral Squamous cell carcinoma remains nevertheless one of the greatest widespread tumors globally and [15][16][17][18][19] the second most common tumor in Pakistan. It is of immense significance to be a consistent diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for cancer patients to be able to make available indispensable information for attaining a clinical conclusion.…”

“…Lately, mucins have been contemplated as prospective biomarkers in cancer diagnosis attributable to their distinctive representation in cancer patients as contrasted to the normal one. Among MUC4 is considered a [15][16][17][18] promising one.…”

Role of Mutation of NOTCH1 gene in development of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a narrative review

“…7,8 According to histological grading, majority of OSCC patients were moderately differentiated (67.7%), while poorly differentiated and well differentiated were 16.6% and 15.7%, respectively. 9 Another study in Karachi revealed the moderately differentiated cancer (grade II) to be the commonest (59%), followed by well differentiated grade I (36%) and poorly differentiated grade III (5%). The clinical staging revealed 52% subjects involved in stage III/1V cancer.…”