Lipase Catalysed Ethanolysis of Jatropha Oil for Biodiesel Production

Abstract

This study focused on presenting a secondary source academic analysis on the nature of the architectural design processes used in the creation of post-disaster housing. The specific focus was on sustainability and the extent to which architects have managed to develop sustainable designs, both in terms of economic factors and longevity (including possible experience of future disasters). This study was necessary due to the rise in natural disasters globally over the past two decades as well as the realization that those individuals most affected by the disasters tended to be those poorest in society.The secondary data analysis found that the existing data supported the hypotheses. The current sustainable architectural designs in disaster-hit areas are linked to high economic expenditure. It is clear though that no current cheap and affordable method of sustainable housing exists apart from one example in Sri Lanka and this needs to be highlighted in the literature. It should also be noted that there are specific political and economic factors that prevent the sustainable development of post-disaster housing. Recommendations are made as to how future studies can use primary data to help discover methods of design that could be used by the wider population in regions hit frequently by natural disaster. By drawing attention to the inequality in housing in these regions through this current study, it is felt that the work has been a success and should lead to further debate and action in the near future.

Decreasing acid value of fatty acid ethyl ester products using complex enzymes

“…This demonstrated that an alcohol-oil ratio of 9:1 (mol/mol) was the appropriate substrate ratio for the complex enzyme catalyzed the preparation of FAEE product of SASO, which was greater than the alcohol-oil molar ratio for the immobilized lipase (from Pseudomonas cepacia ) catalyzed ethanolysis of Jatropha curcas hair oil (4:1) ( Aransiola, 2013 ). The results also showed that the combination of the complex enzymes had high alcohol resistance and could not easily be inactivated in high ethanol environments.…”

A Comparative Study of Enzyme Efficacy for Biodiesel Production from Jatropha Curcas Oil

“…Kumari et al (13) used immobilized lipase from Enterobactor aerogenes using JCO in t-butanol solvent for BD production and they obtained 94% yield. Another study of Aransiola (14) presented the ethanolysis of both crude and pretreated JCO using immobilized lipase enzyme from Pseudomonas cepacia and a maximum of 72.1wt% fatty acid ethyl ester was obtained at optimized conditions. Veny et al (15) produced BD from JCO through enzymatic synthesis in a recirculated packed bed reactor and they obtained highest methyl ester yield of 54% from lipase dosage of 10%.…”