Lipid Absorption in Adrenalectomized Rats: The Role of Altered Enzyme Activity in the Intestinal Mucosa

Rodgers, Joseph T.; Riley, Erla M.; Drummey, Gladys D.; Isselbacher, Kurt J.

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(19)34181-2

Cited by 56 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The mucosal and muscular layers and whole jejunum and ileum from suckling rats were homogenized by using ten strokes with a glass pestle having a 'large' clearance followed by five strokes with a glass pestle having a 'small' clearance in a 7ml Dounce homogenizer made by Kontes Glass Co., Vineland, N.J., U.S.A. Twenty strokes with a pulley-driven Corning-TenBroeck homogenizer were used to rupture the cells of the whole jejunum and ileum from adult rat. The latter homogenization and centrifugation were by the method of Rodgers et al (1967). The 105 000gsupernatant fractions were assayed for protein by the method of Lowry et al (1951) with bovine serum albumin as standard, before assays of GSSG reductase and GSH-cystine transhydrogenase activities.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrelationship of glutathione–cystine transhydrogenase and glutathione reductase in developing rat intestine

States

Segal

1973

Biochemical Journal

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1. Glutathione reductase and glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase activity in supernatant fractions of whole homogenates and homogenates of mucosal and muscular layers were determined in developing rat intestine after determination of the optimum conditions for assay of the two enzymes. In jejunum from adult rat, the K(m) values for GSSG reductase and GSH-cystine transhydrogenase activities were 0.25mm-GSSG and 0.23mm-cystine respectively. 2. The two activities could be differentiated by stability studies since GSSG reductase was stable at 60 degrees C for 10min and could be stored at 4 degrees C for 24h without loss of activity. GSH-cystine transhydrogenase, on the other hand, was denatured at 60 degrees C and completely inactive after 24h storage at 4 degrees C. 3. Based on calculations of total activities, both enzymes increased from the eighteenth day until the animals were young adults. 4. Total GSSG reductase activity increased at a greater rate with age than total GSH-cystine transhydrogenase activity as evidenced by activity ratios for GSH-cystine transhydrogenase/GSSG reductase of 0.44 and 0.12 in ileum from suckling and adult rats respectively, and 0.31 and 0.24 in jejunum from suckling and adult rats respectively. 5. In mucosa from adult rats GSSG reductase was more active in the ileum than in the jejunum, whereas GSH-cystine transhydrogenase activity was higher in the jejunum. 6. GSH-cystine transhydrogenase was active only in the muscle cells of the ileum of 7-day-old rats but became localized primarily in the mucosal layer in the adult rat. However, GSSG reductase activity was distributed evenly between the two layers throughout the intestine.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrelationship of glutathione–cystine transhydrogenase and glutathione reductase in developing rat intestine

States

Segal

1973

Biochemical Journal

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“…Banerjee & Varma (1966) have demonstrated increased absorption in vitro of glucose from a single concentration (17 mmol/l) after shortterm parenteral administration of adrenocorticotrophic hormone, hydrocortisone or deoxycorticosterone to the rat. Other work has centred on the effects of adrenalectomy and has shown that in the rat this decreases hexose, amino acid and lipid absorption both in vitro and in vivo (Althausen, Anderson L Stockholm, 1939;Levin, Newey & Smyth, 1965;Watson & Murray, 1966;Rodgers, Riley, Drummey & Isselbacher, 1967), with reversal in some instances by feeding with sodium chloride or by corticosteroids (for discussion see Gelb & Gerson, 1969;Levin, 1969). It is not known whether these observations are related to quantitative or qualitative changes in the enterocyte population, although Levin et al (1965) have calculated that the reduction in absorption of glucose and glycine in vitro is proportional to loss in intestinal weight.…”

Section: Intestinal Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adrenalectomy results in a decrease in absolute amounts of peptidase and maltase activities, probably partly related to a loss in intestinal weight (Levin et al, 1965); it is not certain whether these changes are due to salt loss (Levin et al, 1965;Deren, Broitman & Zamcheck, 1967) or to primary effects of adrenal hormones on brush-border enzymes (Rodgers et al, 1967).…”

Section: Enzymologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Prednisolone on the Small Intestinal Mucosa of the Rat

Batt

Peters

1976

Clinical Science

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1. The effects in rats of an oral pharmacological dose of prednisolone on mucosal function, enzymology, lysosomal membrane fragility, morphology and cell kinetics have been examined in proximal jejunum and distal ileum. 2. The maximum absorptive capacity for galactose was significantly greater in both the jejunum and the ileum of the steroid-treated animals. This was due to an increase in carrier-mediated transport in the individual enterocytes and not to a change in the cell population. The Michaelis constant for galactose was not significantly altered by prednisolone. 3. Activities of brush-border and mitochondrial enzymes and of RNA were increased in isolated enterocyte preparations from the jejunum and ileum of the steroid-treated group. 4. Lysosomal membrane fragility was unaltered in the prednisolone-treated group. 5. Morphometrical observations confirmed that the size of the enterocyte population was unaltered by prednisolone. Studies on cell kinetics indicate that the effects of prednisolone are due to a direct action on the enterocyte and not secondary to changes in migration rate.

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“…These antigenic specificities differ from those of antigens in virus-induced tumors where cross-reactivity is a common feature (2). Huebner and his associates demonstrated that cytoplasmic group specific antigens of the type C RNA virus were present in chemically induced tumors (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Because of this it seemed feasible to undertake studies to determine whether type C RNA virus vaccines would inhibit induction of sarcoma by 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC) in BALB/c mice and C57BL/6 mice.…”

Section: Retina: Ultrastructural Alterations Produced By Extremely Lomentioning

confidence: 99%

Retina: Ultrastructural Alterations Produced by Extremely Low Levels of Coherent Radiation

Adams¹,

Beatrice²,

Bedell³

1972

Science

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The effect of low levels of coherent radiation on the eye is not fully established, but is generally presumed to be noninjurious. Irradiation of the retina with a Q-switched ruby laser emitting low amounts of energy (0.1 percent probability of creating damage) consistently produces ultrastructural alterations in rods and cones. Outer segments of these cells are broken and disorganized and their lamellae are in disarray 1 day after such irradiation.

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Lipid Absorption in Adrenalectomized Rats: The Role of Altered Enzyme Activity in the Intestinal Mucosa

Cited by 56 publications

References 24 publications

Interrelationship of glutathione–cystine transhydrogenase and glutathione reductase in developing rat intestine

Interrelationship of glutathione–cystine transhydrogenase and glutathione reductase in developing rat intestine

Effects of Prednisolone on the Small Intestinal Mucosa of the Rat

Retina: Ultrastructural Alterations Produced by Extremely Low Levels of Coherent Radiation

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