Lipid Accumulation and Related Gene Expression in Gametophytic and Sporophytic Anther Tissues

Piffanelli, Pietro; Murphy, Denis J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59969-9_3

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The first detected abnormality appeared in pro‐orbicules at stage 1: large numbers of spherical pro‐orbicules accumulated between the plasmalemma and tapetal cell walls of fertile anthers, whereas this did not occur in sterile anthers (Figure 7). At stage 2, the tapetal cell walls of fertile anthers disappeared completely, and numerous orbicules, made of sporopollenin with a lipid core (Piffanelli and Murphy, 1999), were seen on surface of the tapetal plasmalemma (Figure 7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the observation worthy to be considered is that cell organelles, such as orbicules, tapetosomes and elaioplasts were poorly formed in the tapetum of engineered male‐sterile plants. These organelles are involved in lipid accumulation of tapetal cells, and orbicules are proposed to transfer the sporopollenin from tapetum to microspores (Piffanelli and Murphy, 1999). Acetyl‐CoA, once released from mitochondria, can be used as a substrate for de novo fatty acid synthesis in plastids (Harwood, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anther development is a complex process involving many tissue types and co‐ordination of a large number of genes (Sanders et al ., 1999). Various reports have highlighted the importance of the tapetum layer of anther in the nutrition of developing pollen grains, particularly in providing lipids and protein components of the pollen wall (Piffanelli and Murphy, 1999). In CMS‐T maize, the first cytological sign of sterility is the impairment in tapetum development, which occurs soon after meiosis (Warmke and Lee, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antisense inhibition of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α subunit in anther tapetum causes male sterility

et al. 2003

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These two authors contributed equally to this work. SummaryWe hypothesized that cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in sugar beet may be the consequence of mitochondrial dysfunctions affecting normal anther development. To test the hypothesis, we attempted to mimic the sugar beet CMS phenotype by inhibiting the expression of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which is essential for the operation of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Screening with a cDNA library of sugar beet¯ower buds allowed the identi®cation of two PDH E1a subunit genes (bvPDH_E1a-1 and bvPDH_E1a-2). bvPDH_E1a-1 was found to be highly expressed in tap roots, whereas bvPDH_E1a-2 was expressed most abundantly in¯ower buds. Green¯uorescent protein (GFP) fusion of bvPDH_E1a revealed mitochondrial targeting properties. A 300-bp bvPDH_E1a-1 cDNA sequence (from 620 to 926) was connected to a tapetum-speci®c promoter in the antisense orientation and then introduced into tobacco. Antisense expression of bvPDH_E1a-1 resulted in conspicuously decreased endogenous bvPDH_E1a-1 transcripts and male sterility. The tapetum in the male-sterile anthers showed swelling or abnormal vacuolation. It is also worth noting that in the sterile anthers, cell organelles, such as elaioplasts, tapetosomes and orbicules were poorly formed and microspores exhibited aberrant exine development. These features are shared by sugar beet CMS. The results thus clearly indicate that inhibition of PDH activity in anther tapetum is suf®cient to cause male sterility, a phenocopy of the sugar beet CMS.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antisense inhibition of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α subunit in anther tapetum causes male sterility

et al. 2003

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“…Inhibition of RTS expression leads to arrest in rice pollen development Various reports have highlighted the importance of the tapetum cell layer of the anther in providing nutrition in developing pollen grains, particularly lipids and protein components of the pollen wall (Piffanelli and Murphy 1999). To study the role of RTS in tapetum and pollen development, and confirm whether the RTS promoter sequence (TAP) is functional in directing anther-specific gene expression, we used an antisense RNA approach to down-regulate its expression.…”

Section: Isolation and Characterization Of The Rts Promoter Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RTS, a rice anther-specific gene is required for male fertility and its promoter sequence directs tissue-specific gene expression in different plant species

Luo

Lee

et al. 2006

Plant Mol Biol

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A tapetum-specific gene, RTS, has been isolated by differential screening of a cDNA library from rice panicles. RTS is a unique gene in the rice genome. RNA blot analysis and in situ hybridization indicates that this gene is predominantly expressed in the anther's tapetum during meiosis and disappears before anthesis. RTS has no introns and encodes a putative polypeptide of 94 amino acids with a hydrophobic N-terminal region. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the gene do not show significant homology to any known sequences. However, a sequence in the promoter region, GAATTTGTTA, differs only by one or two nucleotides from one of the conserved motifs in the promoter region of two pollen-specific genes of tomato. Several other sequence motifs found in other anther-specific promoters were also identified in the promoter of the RTS gene. Transgenic and antisense RNA approaches revealed that RTS gene is required for male fertility in rice. The promoter region of RTS, when fused to the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ribonuclease gene, barnase, or the antisense of the RTS gene, is able to drive tissue-specific expression of both genes in rice, creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) and Arabidopsis, conferring male sterility to the transgenic plants. Light and near-infrared confocal microscopy of cross-sections through developing flowers of male-sterile transgenics shows that tissue-specific expression of barnase or the antisense RTS genes interrupts tapetal development, resulting in deformed non-viable pollen. These results demonstrate a critical role of the RTS gene in pollen development in rice and the versatile application of the RTS gene promoter in directing anther-specific gene expression in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants, pointing to a potential for exploiting this gene and its promoter for engineering male sterility for hybrid production of various plant species.

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“…In plants, FAs have started to emerge as important molecules that participate in diverse biological processes (Lee et al, 1997;Ryu and Wang, 1998;Shanklin and Cahoon, 1998;Piffanelli and Murphy, 1999;Kachroo et al, 2001Kachroo et al, , 2003Laxalt and Munnik, 2002;Maldonado et al, 2002;Weber, 2002;Li et al, 2003). Interestingly, FA signaling in plants and animals show several intriguing parallels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastidial Fatty Acid Signaling Modulates Salicylic Acid– and Jasmonic Acid–Mediated Defense Pathways in the Arabidopsis ssi2 Mutant

et al. 2003

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A mutation in the Arabidopsis gene ssi2/fab2 , which encodes stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase (S-ACP-DES), results in the reduction of oleic acid (18:1) levels in the mutant plants and also leads to the constitutive activation of NPR1-dependent and -independent defense responses. By contrast, ssi2 plants are compromised in the induction of the jasmonic acid (JA)-responsive gene PDF1.2 and in resistance to the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea . Although S-ACP-DES catalyzes the initial desaturation step required for JA biosynthesis, a mutation in ssi2 does not alter the levels of the JA precursor linolenic acid (18:3), the perception of JA or ethylene, or the induced endogenous levels of JA. This finding led us to postulate that the S-ACP-DES-derived fatty acid (FA) 18:1 or its derivative is required for the activation of certain JA-mediated responses and the repression of the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway. Here, we report that alteration of the prokaryotic FA signaling pathway in plastids, leading to increased levels of 18:1, is required for the rescue of ssi2 -triggered phenotypes. 18:1 levels in ssi2 plants were increased by performing epistatic analyses between ssi2 and several mutants in FA pathways that cause an increase in the levels of 18:1 in specific compartments of the cell. A loss-of-function mutation in the soluble chloroplastic enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase ( ACT1 ) completely reverses SA-and JA-mediated phenotypes in ssi2 . In contrast to the act1 mutation, a loss-of-function mutation in the endoplasmic reticulum-localized 6 oleate desaturase ( FAD2 ) does not alter SA-or JA-related phenotypes of ssi2 . However, a mutation in the plastidial membrane-localized 6 desaturase ( FAD6 ) mediates a partial rescue of ssi2 -mediated phenotypes. Although ssi2 fad6 plants are rescued in their morphological phenotypes, including larger size, absence of visible lesions, and straight leaves, these plants continue to exhibit microscopic cell death and express the PR-1 gene constitutively. In addition, these plants are unable to induce the expression of PDF1.2 in response to the exogenous application of JA. Because the act1 mutation rescues all of these phenotypes in ssi2 fad6 act1 triple-mutant plants, act1 -mediated reversion may be mediated largely by an increase in the free 18:1 content within the chloroplasts. The reversion of JA responsiveness in ssi2 act1 plants is abolished in the ssi2 act1 coi1 triple-mutant background, suggesting that both JA-and act1 -generated signals are required for the expression of the JA-inducible PDF1.2 gene. Our conclusion that FA signaling in plastids plays an essential role in the regulation of SSI2-mediated defense signaling is further substantiated by the fact that overexpression of the N-terminal-deleted SSI2, which lacks the putative plastid-localizing transit peptide, is unable to rescue ssi2 -triggered phenotypes, as opposed to overexpression of the full-length protein.

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Lipid Accumulation and Related Gene Expression in Gametophytic and Sporophytic Anther Tissues

Cited by 4 publications

References 105 publications

Antisense inhibition of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α subunit in anther tapetum causes male sterility

Antisense inhibition of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α subunit in anther tapetum causes male sterility

RTS, a rice anther-specific gene is required for male fertility and its promoter sequence directs tissue-specific gene expression in different plant species

Plastidial Fatty Acid Signaling Modulates Salicylic Acid– and Jasmonic Acid–Mediated Defense Pathways in the Arabidopsis ssi2 Mutant

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