Lipid alterations and their reversion in the central nervous system of growing rats deficient in essential fatty acids

Galli, Cláudio; White, Harold B.; Paoletti, Rodolfo

doi:10.1007/bf02531374

Cited by 55 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This finding is similar to what has been reported for fatty acid changes in whole brain by others [3,4]. Once the ratio had reached a level of 0.5 in the 12-week-old deficient mouse brain, survi val was beginning to drop markedly.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The fatty acid, 20:3w9, metabolically derived from oleic acid, has been established as a biochemical marker of essential fatty acid deficiency [2], The ac cumulation of this fatty acid is limited in the brain unless the animal is made EFA-defi cient in early development [3,4], during the so-called vulnerable period [5], The increase in 20:3w9 and the decrease in the fatty acid, arachidonic acid, are commonly represented as a fatty acid ratio. In previous work, this laboratory has established that postnatal EFA deficiency also retards brain growth [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency on Mouse Brain Development

Hannah

Campagnoni²

1987

Dev Neurosci

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The effect of essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency on the activities of several membrane-bound enzymes was examined in the brains of C57BL/6J mice. Pregnant females were placed on an EFA-deficient diet during the last week of gestation and their progeny were examined at intervals up to 16 weeks after birth. Early signs of the deficiency, such as reduced body and brain weight, were noted in the mice on the experimental diet. The fatty acid ratio of 20:3w9/20:4w6, a biochemical index of EFA deficiency, rose progressively in the deficient brains from 0.17 at 4 weeks to 0.68 at 16 weeks. Only one of the membrane-bound enzymes studied, i.e. ATPase, demonstrated any consistent significant alteration in specific activity as a consequence of the deficiency. The accumulation of myelin, as measured by the levels of myelin basic protein, was reduced from the earliest age studied. These findings suggest that EFA deficiency does not exert a general, nonspecific effect on all membranes in the brain and that hypomyelination is a major effect of EFA deficiency on brain development.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency on Mouse Brain Development

Hannah

Campagnoni²

1987

Dev Neurosci

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“…Therefore, results obtained in studies that have been started with weanlings are influenced by the dietary history of the dams. In a few studies the low EFA diet was given to the dam during the last week before delivery [10,11,24], An extention of the experi mental period to the last part of the gestation is also insufficient. We have found [2, A lling, Bruch, Karlsson, and Svennerholm, unpublished results] that a pronounced reduction in the intake of EFA will give the same and constant fatty acid pattern of different organs only in the second and sub sequent generations of offspring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Different Dietary Levels of Essential Fatty Acids on Growth of the Rat

Alling¹,

Bruce²,

Karlsson³

et al. 1974

Ann Nutr Metab

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Sprague-Dawley rats received three dietary levels of essential fatty acids (EFA) during gestation and the suckling period and up to adult age by raising them on their respective diets for more than two generations. The relative difference in body weight was most pronounced between 13 and 23 days of age, after which it gradually diminished. Between 25 and 60 days of age, rats fed 0.07 cal% EFA had a significantly lower body weight than rats fed 0.75 cal% and the latter had a significantly lower body weight than those fed 3.0 cal%. The difference was slightly more Pronounced for females than for males.

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“…Thus, while the data do not specifically describe the effects of dietary manipulation on neuronal fatty acid composition, the compositional changes in neurons following short-term fatty acid supplementation may be more extreme than the changes seen in whole brain. Indeed, the work of Galli et al (28) showed that realimentation of fat-deprived rats resulted in a rebound increase in w6 fatty acids in the synaptosomal, but not the myelin fraction of brain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation of rat brain fatty acid composition alters volatile anesthetic potency.

Evers¹,

Elliott²,

Lefkowith³

et al. 1986

J. Clin. Invest.

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The molecular mechanism of volatile anesthetic action remains unknown. Attempts to elucidate this mechanism have been complicated by the absence of models in which changes in neuronal cellular properties can be correlated with changes in whole animal anesthetic effect. In this study we describe a model where dietinduced alterations in rat brain fatty acid composition are correlated with alterations in volatile anesthetic potency. Rats maintained on a fat-free diet showed significant depletion of arachidonic acid (20:4&6; 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6w3; 4,7,10,13,16,19,-docosahexaenoic acid) in brain, and a corresponding increase in Mead acid (20: 3w9; 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid). These fat-deprived rats were significantly more sensitive to all volatile anesthetics tested than were age-controlled rats on a normal diet. Parenteral supplementation of the fat-deprived animals with linolenic acid (18: 303, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid) completely reconstituted the docosahexaenoic acid content of brain without affecting anesthetic sensitivity. In contrast, supplementation of the fat-deprived rats with linoleic acid (18:2w6; 9,12-octadecadienoic acid) caused a dramatic decrease in anesthetic sensitivity, but only a small change in whole brain arachidonate content. Further analysis revealed that linoleate supplementation of fat-deprived animals resulted in a preferential noraiztion of the arachidonate content of brain phosphatidylinositol as compared with other brain phosphoglycerides. These results demonstrate for the first time a correlation between changes in membrane composition and anesthetic effect, and indicate that the precise fatty acid composition (perhaps in specific phospholipids) of brain is important in the mechanism of volatile anesthetic action.

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Lipid alterations and their reversion in the central nervous system of growing rats deficient in essential fatty acids

Abstract: Essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency modifies several biological parameters, i.e., growth, metabolic rate and water balance and induces functional changes in

Cited by 55 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency on Mouse Brain Development

Effects of Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency on Mouse Brain Development

The Effect of Different Dietary Levels of Essential Fatty Acids on Growth of the Rat

Manipulation of rat brain fatty acid composition alters volatile anesthetic potency.

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